21:76 Al-Anbiyaa (The Prophets)

تفسير الآيتين 76 و77 :ـأي: واذكر عبدنا ورسولنا، نوحا عليه السلام، مثنيا مادحا، حين أرسله الله إلى قومه، فلبث فيهم ألف سنة، إلا خمسين عاما، يدعوهم إلى عبادة الله، وينهاهم عن الشرك به، ويبدي فيهم ويعيد، ويدعوهم سرا وجهارا، وليلا ونهارا، فلما رآهم لا ينجع فيهم الوعظ، ولا يفيد لديهم الزجر، نادى ربه وقال: { رَبِّ لَا تَذَرْ عَلَى الْأَرْضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِينَ دَيَّارًا* إِنَّكَ إِنْ تَذَرْهُمْ يُضِلُّوا عِبَادَكَ وَلَا يَلِدُوا إِلَّا فَاجِرًا كَفَّارًا ْ} فاستجاب الله له، فأغرقهم، ولم يبق منهم أحدا، ونجى الله نوحا وأهله، ومن معه من المؤمنين، في الفلك المشحون، وجعل ذريته هم الباقين، ونصرهم الله على قومه المستهزئين.

يخبر تعالى عن استجابته لعبده ورسوله نوح عليه السلام حين دعا على قومه لما كذبوه " فدعا ربه أني مغلوب فانتصر " وقال نوح " رب لا تذر على الأرض من الكافرين ديارا إنك إن نذرهم يضلوا عبادك ولا يلدوا إلا فاجرا كفارا " ولهذا قال ههنا " إذ نادى من قبل فاستجبنا له فنجيناه وأهله " أي الذين آمنوا به كما قال " وأهلك إلا من سبق عليه القول ومن آمن وما آمن معه إلا قليل " وقوله " من الكرب العظيم " أي من الشدة والتكذيب والأذى فإنه لبث فيهم ألف سنة إلا خمسين عاما يدعوهم إلى الله عز وجل فلم يؤمن به منهم إلا القليل وكانوا يتصدون لأذاه ويتواصون قرنا بعد قرن وجيلا بعد جيل على خلافه.

Nuh and His People

Allah tells us how He responded to His servant and Messenger Nuh, peace be upon him, when he prayed to Him against his people for their disbelief in him:

فَدَعَا رَبَّهُ أَنُّى مَغْلُوبٌ فَانتَصِرْ

(Then he invoked his Lord (saying): "I have been overcome, so help (me)!") 54:10

وَقَالَ نُوحٌ رَّبِّ لاَ تَذَرْ عَلَى الاٌّرْضِ مِنَ الْكَـفِرِينَ دَيَّاراً - إِنَّكَ إِن تَذَرْهُمْ يُضِلُّواْ عِبَادَكَ وَلاَ يَلِدُواْ إِلاَّ فَاجِراً كَفَّاراً

(And Nuh said: "My Lord! Leave not any inhabitant of the disbelievers on the earth! If You leave them, they will mislead Your servants, and they will beget none but wicked disbelievers) 71:26-27. So Allah says here,

إِذْ نَادَى مِن قَبْلُ فَاسْتَجَبْنَا لَهُ فَنَجَّيْنَـهُ وَأَهْلَهُ

(And (remember) Nuh, when he cried (to Us) aforetime. We answered to his invocation and saved him and his family) meaning, those who believed with him, as Allah says elsewhere:

وَأَهْلَكَ إِلاَّ مَن سَبَقَ عَلَيْهِ الْقَوْلُ وَمَنْ ءَامَنَ وَمَآ ءَامَنَ مَعَهُ إِلاَّ قَلِيلٌ

(...and your family -- except him against whom the Word has already gone forth -- and those who believe. And none believed with him, except a few) 11: 40.

مِنَ الْكَرْبِ الْعَظِيمِ

(from the great dis- tress.) meaning, from difficulty, rejection and harm. For he remained among them for one thousand years less fifty, calling them to Allah, and no one had believed in him except for a few. His people were plotting against him and advising one another century after century, generation after generation, to oppose him.

وَنَصَرْنَـهُ مِنَ الْقَوْمِ

(We helped him against the people) means, `We saved him and helped him against the people,'

الَّذِينَ كَذَّبُواْ بِـَايَـتِنَا إِنَّهُمْ كَانُواْ قَوْمَ سَوْءٍ فَأَغْرَقْنَـهُمْ أَجْمَعِينَ

(who denied Our Ayat. Verily, they were a people given to evil. So We drowned them all.) meaning, Allah drowned them all, and not one of them was left on the face of the earth, as their Prophet had prayed would happen to them.

وَدَاوُودَ وَسُلَيْمَـنَ إِذْ يَحْكُمَانِ فِى الْحَرْثِ إِذْ نَفَشَتْ فِيهِ غَنَمُ الْقَوْمِ وَكُنَّا لِحُكْمِهِمْ شَـهِدِينَ

And mention Noah what follows Nūhan substitutes for it when he called when he supplicated to God against his people — with the words My Lord do not leave upon the earth any inhabitant from among the disbelievers … to the end of the verse Q. 7126 before that is before the time of Abraham and Lot. And We responded to him and delivered him and his people who were in the Ark with him from the great agony namely from drowning and his people’s denial of him.

Commentary

وَنُوحًا إِذْ نَادَىٰ مِن قَبْلُ

And (remember) Nuh, when he called (for help) earlier - 21:76

Here مِن قَبْلُ (earlier) means before the time of Sayyidna Ibrahim and Sayyidna Lut (علیہما السلام) ، whose account has just preceded in previous verses. As for the prayer of Nuh علیہ السلام which is referred to here briefly, the version given in Surah Nuh is that Sayyidna Nuh (علیہ السلام) had cursed his people, رَّ‌بِّ لَا تَذَرْ‌ عَلَى الْأَرْ‌ضِ مِنَ الْكَافِرِ‌ينَ دَيَّارً‌ا (My Lord, leave not upon the earth of the unbelievers even one - 71:26). It is reported at another place that when the people of Nuh (علیہ السلام) did not listen to him at all, he prayed to Allah Ta` ala أَنِّي مَغْلُوبٌ فَانتَصِرْ‌ (I am vanquished; do Thou succour me! - 54:10) so You take revenge from them.

فَاسْتَجَبْنَا لَهُ فَنَجَّيْنَاهُ وَأَهْلَهُ مِنَ الْكَرْ‌بِ الْعَظِيمِ (So, We responded to him and saved him and his family from the terrible agony - 21:76) Here the expression 'terrible agony' either refers to the drowning in the deluge which annihilated the entire people or the torture which he and his followers suffered at the hands of those people.