21:5 Al-Anbiyaa (The Prophets)

يذكر تعالى ائتفاك المكذبين بمحمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، وبما جاء به من القرآن العظيم، وأنهم سفهوه وقالوا فيه الأقاويل الباطلة المختلفة، فتارة يقولون: { أضغاث أحلام } بمنزلة كلام النائم الهاذي، الذي لا يحس بما يقول، وتارة يقولون: { افتراه } واختلقه وتقوله من عند نفسه، وتارة يقولون: إنه شاعر وما جاء به شعر. وكل من له أدنى معرفة بالواقع، من حالة الرسول، ونظر في هذا الذي جاء به، جزم جزما لا يقبل الشك، أنه أجل الكلام وأعلاه، وأنه من عند الله، وأن أحدا من البشر لا يقدر على الإتيان بمثل بعضه، كما تحدى الله أعداءه بذلك، ليعارضوا مع توفر دواعيهم لمعارضته وعداوته، فلم يقدروا على شيء من معارضته، وهم يعلمون ذلك وإلا فما الذي أقامهم وأقعدهم وأقض مضاجعهم وبلبل ألسنتهم إلا الحق الذي لا يقوم له شيء، وإنما يقولون هذه الأقوال فيه - حيث لم يؤمنوا به - تنفيرا عنه لمن لم يعرفه، وهو أكبر الآيات المستمرة، الدالة على صحة ما جاء به الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم وصدقه، وهو كاف شاف، فمن طلب دليلا غيره، أو اقترح آية من الآيات سواه، فهو جاهل ظالم مشبه لهؤلاء المعاندين الذين كذبوه وطلبوا من الآيات الاقتراح ما هو أضر شيء عليهم، وليس لهم فيها مصلحة، لأنهم إن كان قصدهم معرفة الحق إذا تبين دليله، فقد تبين دليله بدونها، وإن كان قصدهم التعجيز وإقامة العذر لأنفسهم، إن لم يأت بما طلبوا فإنهم بهذه الحالة - على فرض إتيان ما طلبوا من الآيات - لا يؤمنون قطعا، فلو جاءتهم كل آية، لا يؤمنون حتى يروا العذاب الأليم. ولهذا قال الله عنهم: { فَلْيَأْتِنَا بِآيَةٍ كَمَا أُرْسِلَ الْأَوَّلُونَ } أي: كناقة صالح، وعصا موسى، ونحو ذلك.

وقوله " بل قالوا أضغاث أحلام بل افتراه " هذا إخبار عن تعنت الكفار وإلحادهم واختلافهم فيما يصفون به القرآن وحيرتهم فيه وضلالهم عنه فتارة يجعلونه سحرا وتارة يجعلونه شعرا وتارة يجعلونه أضغاث أحلام وتارة يجعلونه مفترى كما قال " انظر كيف ضربوا لك الأمثال فضلوا فلا يستطيعون سبيلا " وقوله " فليأتنا بآية كما أرسل الأولون " يعنون كناقة صالح وآيات موسى وعيسى وقد قال الله " وما منعنا أن نرسل بالآيات إلا أن كذب بها الأولون " الآية.

Which was revealed in Makkah

The Virtues of Surat Al-Anbiya'

Al-Bukhari recorded that `Abdur-Rahman bin Yazid said that `Abdullah said, "Banu Isra'il, Al-Kahf, Maryam, Ta Ha and Al-Anbiya' - they are among the earliest and most beautiful Surahs and they are my treasure."

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

The Hour is at hand but People are heedless

This is a warning from Allah of the approach of the Hour, and that people are heedless of it, i.e., they are not working for it or preparing for it. An-Nasa'i recorded that Abu Sa`id reported from the Prophet :

فِى غَفْلَةٍ مُّعْرِضُونَ

(while they turn away in heedlessness), he said,

«فِي الدُّنْيَا»

(in this world.) Allah says:

أَتَى أَمْرُ اللَّهِ فَلاَ تَسْتَعْجِلُوهُ

(The Event ordained by Allah will come to pass, so seek not to hasten it)

اقْتَرَبَتِ السَّاعَةُ وَانشَقَّ الْقَمَرُ وَإِن يَرَوْاْ ءَايَةً يُعْرِضُواْ

(The Hour has drawn near, and the moon has been cleft asunder. And if they see a sign, they turn away.) 54:1,2. Then Allah states that they do not listen to the revelation (Wahy) that He sends down to His Messenger , which is addressed to the Quraysh and all disbelievers like them.

مَا يَأْتِيهِمْ مِّن ذِكْرٍ مِّن رَّبِّهِمْ مُّحْدَثٍ

(Comes not unto them an admonition from their Lord as a recent revelation) meaning, newly-revealed,

إِلاَّ اسْتَمَعُوهُ وَهُمْ يَلْعَبُونَ

(but they listen to it while they play. ) This is like what Ibn `Abbas said, "Why do you ask the People of the Book about what they have, which has been altered and distorted, and they have added things and taken things away, when your Book is the most recently revealed from Allah, and you read it pure and unadulterated" Al-Bukhari recorded something similar to this.

وَأَسَرُّواْ النَّجْوَى الَّذِينَ ظَلَمُواْ

(Those who do wrong, conceal their private counsels) meaning, what they say to one another in secret.

هَلْ هَـذَآ إِلاَّ بَشَرٌ مِّثْلُكُمْ

(Is this more than a human being like you) meaning, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ. They did not believe that he could be a Prophet because he was a human being like them, so how could he have been singled out to receive revelation, and not them They said:

أَفَتَأْتُونَ السِّحْرَ وَأَنتُمْ تُبْصِرُونَ

(Will you submit to magic while you see it) meaning, will you follow him and be like one who submits to magic when he knows that it is magic Allah said in response to their fabrications and lies:

قَالَ رَبِّى يَعْلَمُ الْقَوْلَ فِى السَّمَآءِ وَالاٌّرْضِ

(He said: "My Lord knows what is said in the heavens and on earth...") Nothing at all is hidden from the One Who knows that, and He is the One Who reveals this Qur'an which contains news of the earliest and last generations. No one can produce the like of this except the One Who knows all the secrets of the heavens and the earth.

وَهُوَ السَّمِيعُ الْعَلِيمُ

(And He is the All-Hearer, the All-Knower.) means, He hears all that they say and He knows all their circumstances. This is a warning and a threat to them.

The Disbelievers' Ideas about the Qur'an and the Messenger ; their demand for a Sign and the Refutation of that

بَلْ قَالُواْ أَضْغَـثُ أَحْلاَمٍ بَلِ افْتَرَاهُ

(Nay, they say: "These are mixed up false dreams! Nay, he has invented it!...") Here Allah tells us of the stubbornness and heresy of the disblievers, and the various things they said about the Qur'an, and how they were confused and misguided about it. Sometimes they described it as magic, and sometimes they described it as poetry, or mixed up false dreams, or a fabrication. As Allah says:

انْظُرْ كَيْفَ ضَرَبُواْ لَكَ الاٌّمْثَالَ فَضَلُّواْ فَلاَ يَسْتَطِيعْونَ سَبِيلاً

(See what examples they have put forward for you. So they have gone astray, and never can they find a way) 17:48

فَلْيَأْتِنَا بِـَايَةٍ كَمَآ أُرْسِلَ الاٌّوَّلُونَ

(Let him then bring us an Ayah like the ones that were sent before!) They were referring to the she-camel of Salih, and the signs of Musa and `Isa. And Allah says,

وَمَا مَنَعَنَآ أَن نُّرْسِلَ بِالاٌّيَـتِ إِلاَّ أَن كَذَّبَ بِهَا الاٌّوَّلُونَ

(And nothing stops Us from sending the Ayat but that the people of old denied them.) 17:59. So Allah said here:

مَآ ءَامَنَتْ قَبْلَهُمْ مِّن قَرْيَةٍ أَهْلَكْنَـهَآ أَفَهُمْ يُؤْمِنُونَ

(Not one of the towns of those which We destroyed, believed before them; will they then believe) None of the peoples to whom Messengers were sent were given a sign at the hands of their Prophet and believed. On the contrary, they disbelieved and We destroyed them as a result. Would these people believe in a sign if they saw it Not at all! In fact,

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِمْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ - وَلَوْ جَآءَتْهُمْ كُلُّ ءايَةٍ حَتَّى يَرَوُاْ الْعَذَابَ الاٌّلِيمَ

(Truly, those, against whom the Word of your Lord has been justified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come to them, until they see the painful torment.) 10:96-97. Indeed, they witnes- sed clear signs and definitive proof at the hands of the Messen- ger of Allah , signs which were far clearer and more overwhel- ming than any that had been witnessed in the case of any other Prophet, may the blessings and peace of Allah be upon them all.

Nay bal in the three instances below effects a transition from one subject to another but they say regarding those parts of the Qur’ān he the Prophet has brought to them are ‘A muddle of nightmares a confusion of things he has seen in his sleep. Nay he has fabricated it he has invented it; nay he is a poet and what he has brought is merely poetry! So let him bring us a sign such as was sent to the ancients’ like the she-camel Sālih the staff and the glowing hand of Moses. God exalted be He says

بَلْ قَالُوا أَضْغَاثُ أَحْلَامٍ (they said, [ The Further Qur'an is ] a mixture of hotch-potch dreams. - 21:5.) Dreams having an element of personal and shaitanic thoughts are called أَضْغَاثُ أَحْلَامٍ. That is why this term (أَضْغَاثُ أَحْلَامٍ ) has been translated as "hotch-potch dreams". What it means is that in the first place the unbelievers called the Qur'an as magic, then they described it as a collection of disturbed dreams, and then they said it was a forgery and fabrication against Allah Ta’ ala to call it His words; and finally they said that he ﷺ was a poet and the Qur'an represented his poetic compositions.

فَلْيَأْتِنَا بِآيَةٍ (So let him bring to us a sign - 21:5) It means that the unbelievers demanded from the Holy Prophet ﷺ certain specific miracles to be shown as a proof of his being a real Prophet. In response to this demand, Allah Ta` ala said in this verse that the same demand for miracles was also made by the people in the past from other prophets, and when their request was met, it was of no avail. They did not submit to Allah even after witnessing the miracles of their choice. And Allah has decreed that people who do not submit to Him even after they have seen the miracle of their choice are subjected to His wrath even in this world and are destroyed. Allah, in His Divine Mercy and in view of the honoured position of the Holy Prophet ﷺ had granted to his Ummah immunity from the terrible punishment which is the inevitable fate of those people who defy the Will of Allah. It was not, therefore, considered desirable to show them miracles of their choice because if they, like the earlier people, persisted in their unbelief even after seeing those miracles, they too would invite the wrath of Allah Ta` ala.