21:32 Al-Anbiyaa (The Prophets)

أي: ذلك الذي ذكرنا لكم من تعظيم حرماته وشعائره، والمراد بالشعائر: أعلام الدين الظاهرة، ومنها المناسك كلها، كما قال تعالى: { إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَائِرِ اللَّهِ } ومنها الهدايا والقربان للبيت، وتقدم أن معنى تعظيمها، إجلالها، والقيام بها، وتكميلها على أكمل ما يقدر عليه العبد، ومنها الهدايا، فتعظيمها، باستحسانها واستسمانها، وأن تكون مكملة من كل وجه، فتعظيم شعائر الله صادر من تقوى القلوب، فالمعظم لها يبرهن على تقواه وصحة إيمانه، لأن تعظيمها، تابع لتعظيم الله وإجلاله.

وقوله " وجعلنا السماء سقفا محفوظا " أي على الأرض وهي كالقبة عليها كما قال " والسماء بنيناها بأيد وإنا لموسعون " وقال " والسماء وما بناها " " أفلم ينظروا إلى السماء فوقهم كيف بنيناها وزيناها ومالها من فروج " والبناء هو نصب القبة كما قال رسول الله" صلى الله عليه وسلم" " بني الإسلام على خمس " أي خمسة دعائم وهذا لا يكون إلا في الخيام كما تعهده العرب " محفوظا " أي عاليا محروسا أن ينال وقال مجاهد مرفوع. وقال ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا علي بن الحسين حدثنا أحمد بن عبد الرحمن الدشتكي حدثني أبي عن أبيه عن أشعث يعني ابن إسحاق القمي عن جعفر بن أبي المغيرة عن سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس قال رجل يا رسول الله ما هذه السماء قال " موج مكفوف عنكم " إسناده غريب وقوله " وهم عن آياتها معرضون " كقوله " وكأين من آية في السموات والأرض يمرون عليها وهم عنها معرضون " أي لا يتفكرون فيما خلق الله فيها من الاتساع العظيم والارتفاع الباهر وما زينت به من الكواكب الثوابت والسيارات في ليلها ونهارها من هذه الشمس التي تقطع الفلك بكماله في يوم وليلة فتسير غاية لا يعلم قدرها إلا الله الذي قدرها وسخرها وسيرها. وقد ذكر ابن أبي الدنيا- رحمه الله- في كتابه التفكر والاعتبار:" أن بعض عُبَّاد بني إسرائيل تعبد ثلاثين سنة وكان الرجل منهم إذا تعبد ثلاثين سنة أظلته غمامة فلم ير ذلك الرجل شيئا مما كان محصل لغيره فشكى ذلك إلى أمه فقالت له يا بني فلعلك أذنبت في مدة عبادتك هذه فقال لا والله ما أعلمه قالت فلعلك هَمَمْتَ قال لا ولا هُمَمْتُ قالت فلعلك رفعت بصرك إلى السماء ثم رددته بغير فكر فقال نعم كثيرا قالت فمن ههنا أُتِيتَ ثم قال منبها على بعض آياته.

The Signs of Allah in the Heavens and the Earth and in the Night and the Day

Here Allah tells of His perfect might and power in His creation and subjugation of all things.

أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ

(Have not those who disbelieve known) means, those who deny His Divine nature and worship others instead of Him, do they not realize that Allah is the One Who is Independent in His powers of creation and is running the affairs of all things with absolute power So how can it be appropriate to worship anything else beside Him or to associate others in worship with Him Do they not see that the heavens and the earth were joined together, i.e. in the beginning they were all one piece, attached to one another and piled up on top of one another, then He separated them from one another, and made the heavens seven and the earth seven, placing the air between the earth and the lowest heaven. Then He caused rain to fall from the sky and vegetation to grow from the earth. He says:

وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَآءِ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ حَىٍّ أَفَلاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ

(And We have made from water every living thing. Will they not then believe) meaning, they see with their own eyes how creation develops step by step. All of that is proof of the existence of the Creator Who is in control of all things and is able to do whatever He wills.

In everything there is a Sign of Him, showing that He is One

Sufyan Ath-Thawri narrated from his father from `Ikrimah that Ibn `Abbas was asked; "Did the night come first or the day" He said, "Do you think that when the heavens and the earth were joined together, there was anything between them except darkness Thus you may know that the night came before the day. Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that Ibn `Umar said that a man came to him and questioned him about when the heavens and earth were joined together then they were parted. He said, "Go to that old man (Shaykh) and ask him, then come and tell me what he says to you." So he went to Ibn `Abbas and asked him. Ibn `Abbas said: "Yes, the heavens were joined together and it did not rain, and the earth was joined together and nothing grew. When living beings were created to populate the earth, rain came forth from the heavens and vegetation came forth from the earth." The man went back to Ibn `Umar and told him what had been said. Ibn `Umar said, "Now I know that Ibn `Abbas has been given knowledge of the Qur'an. He has spoken the truth, and this is how it was." Ibn `Umar said: "I did not like the daring attitude of Ibn `Abbas in his Tafsir of the Qur'an, but now I know that he has been given knowledge of the Qur'an." Sa`id bin Jubayr said: "The heavens and the earth were attached to one another, then when the heavens were raised up, the earth became separate from them, and this is their parting which was mentioned by Allah in His Book." Al-Hasan and Qatadah said, "They were joined together, then they were separated by this air."

وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَآءِ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ حَىٍّ

(And We have made from water every living thing. ) meaning, the origin of every living thing is in water. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Hurayrah said, "I said: O Messenger of Allah, when I see you I feel happy and content, tell me about everything." He said,

«كُلُّ شَيْءٍ خُلِقَ مِنْ مَاء»

(Everything was created from water.) "I said, tell me about something which, if I do it, I will enter Paradise." He said:

«أَفْشِ السَّلَامَ، وَأَطْعِمِ الطَّعَامَ، وَصِلِ الْأَرْحَامَ، وَقُمْ بِاللَّيْلِ وَالنَّاسُ نِيَامٌ، ثُمَّ ادْخُلِ الْجَنَّةَ بِسَلَام»

(Spread (the greeting of) Salam, feed others, uphold the ties of kinship, and stand in prayer at night when people are sleeping. Then you will enter Paradise in peace.) This chain of narration fulfills the conditions of the Two Sahihs, apart from Abu Maymunah, who is one of the men of the Sunans, his first name was Salim; and At-Tirmidhi classed him as Sahih.

وَجَعَلْنَا فِى الاٌّرْضِ رَوَاسِىَ

(And We have placed on the earth firm mountains,) means, mountains which stabilize the earth and keep it steady and lend it weight, lest it should shake with the people, i.e., move and tremble so that they would not be able to stand firm on it -- because it is covered with water, apart from one-quarter of its surface. So the land is exposed to the air and sun, so that its people may see the sky with its dazzling signs and evidence. So Allah says,

أَن تَمِيدَ بِهِمْ

(lest it should shake with them, ) meaning, so that it will not shake with them.

وَجَعَلْنَا فِيهَا فِجَاجاً سُبُلاً

(and We placed therein broad highways for them to pass through,) means, mountain passes through which they may travel from region to region, country to country. As we can see, the mountains form barriers between one land and another, so Allah created gaps -- passes -- in the mountains so that people may travel from here to there. So He says:

لَّعَلَّهُمْ يَهْتَدُونَ

(that they may be guided.)

وَجَعَلْنَا السَّمَآءَ سَقْفاً مَّحْفُوظاً

(And We have made the heaven a roof, safe and well-guarded.) means, covering the earth like a dome above it. This is like the Ayah,

وَالسَّمَآءَ بَنَيْنَـهَا بِأَيْدٍ وَإِنَّا لَمُوسِعُونَ

(With Hands We constructed the heaven. Verily, We are able to extend the vastness of space thereof.) 51:47

وَالسَّمَآءِ وَمَا بَنَـهَا

(By the heaven and Him Who built it.) 91:5

أَفَلَمْ يَنظُرُواْ إِلَى السَّمَآءِ فَوْقَهُمْ كَيْفَ بَنَيْنَـهَا وَزَيَّنَّـهَا وَمَا لَهَا مِن فُرُوجٍ

(Have they not looked at the heaven above them, how We have made it and adorned it, and there are no rifts in it) 50:6. The building and making described here refers to the raising of the dome, as when the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«بُنِيَ الْإِسْلَامُ عَلَى خَمْس»

(Islam is built on five.) i.e., five pillars, which can only refer to a tent as familiar among the Arabs.

مَّحْفُوظاً

(safe and well-guarded.) means, high and protected from anything reaching it. Mujahid said, "Raised up."

وَهُمْ عَنْ ءَايَـتِهَا مُعْرِضُونَ

(Yet they turn away from its signs.) This is like the Ayah:

وَكَأَيِّن مِّن ءَايَةٍ فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ يَمُرُّونَ عَلَيْهَا وَهُمْ عَنْهَا مُعْرِضُونَ

(And how many a sign in the heavens and the earth they pass by, while they are averse therefrom) 12:105. They do not think about how Allah has created it, so vast and high, and adorned it with heavenly bodies both stationary and moving by night and day, such as the sun which completes its circuit in one day and night, until it completes its allotted time, which no one knows except Allah, Who created it and subjugated it and directed its course. Then Allah says, drawing attention to some of His signs,

وَهُوَ الَّذِى خَلَقَ الَّيْلَ وَالنَّهَـرَ

(And He it is Who has created the night and the day,) meaning, the one with its darkness and stillness, and the other with its light and human interaction; sometimes the one is longer while the other is shorter, then they switch.

وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ

(and the sun and the moon,) the sun with its own light and its own path and orbit and allotted time, and the moon which shines with a different light and travels on a different path and has its own allotted time.

كُلٌّ فِى فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ

(each in an orbit floating.) means, revolving. Ibn `Abbas said, "They revolve like a spinning wheel, in a circle." This is like the Ayah:

فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً ذَلِكَ تَقْدِيرُ الْعَزِيزِ الْعَلِيمِ

((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting, and the sun and the moon for reckoning. Such is the measuring of the All-Mighty, the All-Knowing.) 6:96

And We made the heaven a roof for the earth functioning like the roof of a house preserved from collapsing; and yet of the signs thereof namely the signs of this heaven such as the sun the moon and the stars they are disregardful failing to reflect on them and thus realise that the Creator of such things can have no partner.

وَجَعَلْنَا فِي الْأَرْ‌ضِ رَ‌وَاسِيَ أَن تَمِيدَ بِهِمْ (And We created mountains on the earth, lest it should shake with them. 21:31) The word مَید (mayd) in Arabic language means to be convulsed. Therefore, the meaning of this verse is that Allah Ta` ala has planted mountains on the earth to hold it in place because any violent movement of the earth would be catastrophic to those who live on it.