20:77 Taa-Haa (Taa-Haa)

تفسير الآيات من 77 الى 79 :ـلما ظهر موسى بالبراهين على فرعون وقومه، مكث في مصر يدعوهم إلى الإسلام، ويسعى في تخليص بني إسرائيل من فرعون وعذابه، وفرعون في عتو ونفور، وأمره شديد على بني إسرائيل ويريه الله من الآيات والعبر، ما قصه الله علينا في القرآن، وبنو إسرائيل لا يقدرون أن يظهروا إيمانهم ويعلنوه، قد اتخذوا بيوتهم مساجد، وصبروا على فرعون وأذاه، فأراد الله تعالى أن ينجيهم من عدوهم، ويمكن لهم في الأرض ليعبدوه جهرا، ويقيموا أمره، فأوحى إلى نبيه موسى أن سر أو سيروا أول الليل، ليتمادوا في الأرض، وأخبره أن فرعون وقومه سيتبعونه، فخرجوا أول الليل، جميع بني إسرائيل هم ونساؤهم وذريتهم، فلما أصبح أهل مصر إذا ليس فيها منهم داع ولا مجيب، فحنق عليهم عدوهم فرعون، وأرسل في المدائن، من يجمع له الناس ويحضهم على الخروج في أثر بني إسرائيل ليوقع بهم وينفذ غيظه، والله غالب على أمره، فتكاملت جنود فرعون فسار بهم يتبع بني إسرائيل، فأتبعوهم مشرقين، { فلما تراءى الجمعان قال أصحاب موسى إنا لمدركون } وقلقوا وخافوا، البحر أمامهم، وفرعون من ورائهم، قد امتلأ عليهم غيظا وحنقا، وموسى مطمئن القلب، ساكن البال، قد وثق بوعد ربه، فقال: { كَلَّا إِنَّ مَعِيَ رَبِّي سَيَهْدِينِ } فأوحى الله إليه أن يضرب البحر بعصاه، فضربه، فانفرق اثني عشر طريقا، وصار الماء كالجبال العالية، عن يمين الطرق ويسارها، وأيبس الله طرقهم التي انفرق عنها الماء، وأمرهم الله أن لا يخافوا من إدراك فرعون، ولا يخشوا من الغرق في البحر، فسلكوا في تلك الطرق. فجاء فرعون وجنوده، فسلكوا وراءهم، حتى إذا تكامل قوم موسى خارجين وقوم فرعون داخلين، أمر الله البحر فالتطم عليهم، وغشيهم من اليم ما غشيهم، وغرقوا كلهم، ولم ينجح منهم أحد، وبنو إسرائيل ينظرون إلى عدوهم، قد أقر الله أعينهم بهلاكه وهذا عاقبة الكفر والضلال، وعدم الاهتداء بهدي الله، ولهذا قال تعالى: { وَأَضَلَّ فِرْعَوْنُ قَوْمَهُ } بما زين لهم من الكفر، وتهجين ما أتى به موسى، واستخفافه إياهم، وما هداهم في وقت من الأوقات، فأوردهم موارد الغي والضلال، ثم أوردهم مورد العذاب والنكال.

يقول تعالى مخبرا أنه أمر موسى حين أبى فرعون أن يرسل معه بني إسرائيل أن يسري بهم في الليل ويذهب بهم من قبضة فرعون وقد بسط الله هذا المقام في غير هذه السورة الكريمة وذلك أن موسى لما خرج ببني إسرائيل أصبحوا وليس منهم بمصر لا داع ولا مجيب فغضب فرعون غضبا شديدا وأرسل في المدائن حاشرين أي من يجمعون له الجند من بلدانه ورساتيقه يقول إن هؤلاء لشرذمة قليلون وإنهم لنا لغائظون ثم لما جمع جنده واستوثق له جيشه ساق في طلبهم فأتبعوهم مشرقين أي عند طلوع الشمس فلما تراءى الجمعان أي نظر كل من الفريقين إلى الآخر قال أصحاب موسى إنا لمدركون قال كلا إن معي ربي سيهدين ووقف موسى ببني إسرائيل البحر أمامهم وفرعون وراءهم فعند ذلك أوحى الله إليه أن اضرب لهم طريقا في البحر يبسا فضرب البحر بعصاه وقال انفلق علي بإذن الله فانفلق فكان كل فرق كالطود العظيم أي الجبل العظيم فأرسل الله الريح على أرض البحر فلفحته حتى صار يابسا كوجه الأرض فلهذا قال فاضرب لهم طريقا يبسا لا تخاف دركا أي من فرعون "ولا تخشى" يعني من البحر أن يغرق قومك.

The Children of Israel leave Egypt

Allah, the Exalted, informs that He commanded Musa to journey at night with the Children of Israel, when Fir`awn refused to release them and send them with Musa. He was to take them away from Fir`awn's captivity. Allah expounds upon this in Surahs other than this noble Surah. Musa left with the Children of Israel, and when the people of Egypt awoke in the morning they found that not a single one of them remained in Egypt. Fir`awn became extremely furious. He sent callers into all of the cities to gather together his army from all of his lands and provinces. He said to them,

إِنَّ هَـؤُلاءِ لَشِرْذِمَةٌ قَلِيلُونَ - وَإِنَّهُمْ لَنَا لَغَآئِظُونَ

(Verily, these indeed are but a small band. And verily, they have done what has enraged us.) 26:54-55 Then when he gathered his army and organized his troops, he set out after them and they followed them at dawn when the sun began to rise.

فَلَمَّا تَرَآءَا الْجَمْعَانِ

(And when the two hosts saw each other) 26:61 This means that each person of the two parties was looking at the other party.

فَلَمَّا تَرَآءَا الْجَمْعَانِ قَالَ أَصْحَـبُ مُوسَى إِنَّا لَمُدْرَكُونَ - قَالَ كَلاَّ إِنَّ مَعِىَ رَبِّى سَيَهْدِينِ

(The companions of Musa said: "We are sure to be overtaken." (Musa) said: "Nay, verily, with me is my Lord. He will guide me.") 26:61-62 Musa stopped with the Children of Israel and the sea was in front of them and Fir`awn was behind them. Then, at that moment, Allah revealed to Musa,

فَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ طَرِيقاً فِى الْبَحْرِ يَبَساً

(And strike a dry path for them in the sea.) So Musa struck the sea with his stick and he said, "Split for me, by the leave of Allah." Thus, it split, and each separate part of the water became like a huge mountain. Then, Allah sent a wind to the land of the sea and it burned the soil until it became dry like the ground that is on land. For this reason Allah said,

فَاضْرِبْ لَهُمْ طَرِيقاً فِى الْبَحْرِ يَبَساً لاَّ تَخَافُ دَرَكاً

(and strike a dry path for them in the sea, fearing neither to be overtaken...) This means being caught by Fir`awn.

وَلاَ تَخْشَى

(nor being afraid.) meaning, "Do not be afraid of the sea drowning your people." Then, Allah, the Exalted, said,

فَأَتْبَعَهُمْ فِرْعَوْنُ بِجُنُودِهِ فَغَشِيَهُمْ مِّنَ الْيَمِّ

(Then Fir`awn pursued them with his hosts, but the sea Al-Yamm completely overwhelmed them) Al-Yamm means the sea.

مَا غَشِيَهُمْ

(and covered them up. ) meaning, covered them up with a thing that was well-familiar to them in such a situa- tion, as Allah states;

وَالْمُؤْتَفِكَةَ أَهْوَى - فَغَشَّـهَا مَا غَشَّى

(And He destroyed the overthrown cities. So there covered them that which did cover.) 53:53-54 As Fir`awn pursued them into the sea, misled his people and did not lead them to the path of correct guidance, likewise, he will go ahead of his people on the Day of Resurrection, and will lead them in to the Hellfire. And evil indeed is the place to which they are led.

يبَنِى إِسْرَءِيلَ قَدْ أَنجَيْنَـكُمْ مِّنْ عَدُوِّكُمْ وَوَاعَدْنَـكُمْ جَانِبَ الطُّورِ الاٌّيْمَنَ وَنَزَّلْنَا عَلَيْكُمُ الْمَنَّ وَالسَّلْوَى

And verily We revealed to Moses saying ‘Lead My servants on a journey by night read as an asri ‘that lead on a journey by night’ from fourth form asrā ‘he travelled by night’; or read as an’isri from first form sarā ‘he travelled by night’ both being alternative forms in other words travel with them by night from the land of Egypt and strike for them make for them by striking your staff a dry path in the sea. So he fulfilled what he had been commanded and God made the ground dry so that they were able to pass through it. Do not fear to be overtaken that is fearing that Pharaoh might catch you and do not be afraid’ of drowning.

Commentary

The decisive defeat which he suffered in the contest between the right and wrong and between miracle and magic broke the power of the Pharaoh, and the Bani Isra'ile stood united under the leadership of Sayyidni Musa (علیہ السلام) . Allah now commanded Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) to take his men out of Egypt. But this move was full of danger. First there was the risk of pursuit by the Pharaoh, and second the river, which they had no means of crossing, barred their flight. Allah dispelled both these fears from Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) mind and told him to strike his staff on the surface of the water, and dry passageways would appear in the bed of the river over which they could all escape, thus frustrating Pharaoh's pursuit. This story has been narrated earlier under Hadith ul-Futun in this very Surah.

When the time came, Sayyidna Musa علیہ السلام struck the surface of water with his staff and masses of water stood asunder revealing twelve dry paths, as mentioned in Surah Ash-Shu` ara' فَكَانَ كُلُّ فِرْ‌قٍ كَالطَّوْدِ الْعَظِيمِ (And each part became like a big mountain- 26:63). The walls of water which divided the passages were so formed that those going on one road could see and talk to those travelling on other roads, thus imparting to them all a sense of security.

The number of the Ban' Isra'il who fled Egypt and the strength of the Pharaoh's army

According to Ruh ul-Ma` ani Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) embarked on his journey towards the Red Sea with the Bani Isra'il soon after sunset. Earlier they had announced that one of their festivals was approaching which they would celebrate outside the city, and on this excuse, as well as to allay the suspicions of the Egyptians, they borrowed some jewellery from the Copts promising to return it after the festival. At that time Bani Isra'il numbered six hundred and three thousand, while another version puts their number at six hundred and seventy thousand. These figures, which may be exaggerated, have been taken from Isra'ilite traditions, but one thing appears certain, namely that they were divided into twelve very populous tribes. These large numbers were also a gift from Allah because the first arrivals in Egypt in the days of Sayyidna Yusuf (علیہ السلام) were just the twelve brothers. Now the twelve tribes of those twelve brothers which fled Egypt numbered well over six hundred thousand.

When the Pharaoh learned that the Bani Isra'il had taken flight, he assembled a large army of which the advance units consisted of seven hundred thousand horsemen and started off in pursuit. When the Bani Isra'il saw the river barring their way ahead and the Pharaoh hot on their heels, they cried out in despair. "Surely! We are caught". Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) consoled them with the words إِنَّ مَعِيَ رَ‌بِّي سَيَهْدِينِ (With me is my Lord indeed. He will guide me - 26:62). Then by the command of Allah he struck his staff on the water and twelve dry passageways appeared on which the twelve tribes of Bani Isra'il crossed over to the other side in safety. The Pharaoh who saw all this was frightened but he urged his men on by declaring that the dry paths were formed because the river stopped flowing on account of the awe which it felt in his presence. Saying so, he spurred his horse into the river ordering his army to follow him. When they were all in the middle, Allah commanded the river to resume its flow and water covered them over. (Ruh ul-Ma` ani)