20:50 Taa-Haa (Taa-Haa)

فأجاب موسى بجواب شاف كاف واضح، فقال: { رَبُّنَا الَّذِي أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى } أي: ربنا الذي خلق جميع المخلوقات، وأعطى كل مخلوق خلقه اللائق به، الدال على حسن صنعه من خلقه، من كبر الجسم وصغره وتوسطه، وجميع صفاته، { ثُمَّ هَدَى } كل مخلوق إلى ما خلقه له، وهذه الهداية العامة المشاهدة في جميع المخلوقات فكل مخلوق، تجده يسعى لما خلق له من المنافع، وفي دفع المضار عنه، حتى إن الله تعالى أعطى الحيوان البهيم من العقل، ما يتمكن به على ذلك.وهذا كقوله تعالى: { الَّذِي أَحْسَنَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلَقَهُ } فالذي خلق المخلوقات، وأعطاها خلقها الحسن، الذي لا تقترح العقول فوق حسنه، وهداها لمصالحها، هو الرب على الحقيقة، فإنكاره إنكار لأعظم الأشياء وجودا، وهو مكابرة ومجاهرة بالكذب، فلو قدر أن الإنسان، أنكر من الأمور المعلومة ما أنكر، كان إنكاره لرب العالمين أكبر من ذلك، ولهذا لما لم يمكن فرعون، أن يعاند هذا الدليل القاطع، عدل إلى المشاغبة، وحاد عن المقصود

قوله"أعطى كل شيء خلقه ثم هدى" قال أعطى كل ذي خلق ما يصلحه من خلقه ولم يجعل للإنسان من خلق الدابة ولا للدابة من خلق الكلب ولا للكلب من خلق الشاة وأعطى كل شيء ما ينبغي له من النكاح وهيأ كل شيء على ذلك ليس شيء منها يشبه شيئا من أفعاله في الخلق والرزق والنكاح وقال بعض المفسرين أعطى كل شيء خلقه ثم هدى كقوله تعالى الذي قدر فهدى أي قدر قدرا وهدى الخلائق إليه أي كتب الأعمال والآجال والأرزاق ثم الخلائق ماشون على ذلك لا يحيدون عنه ولا يقدر أحد على الخروج يقول ربنا الذي خلق الخلق وقدر القدر وجبل الخليقة على ما أراد.

The Conversation between Musa and Fir`awn

Allah, the Exalted, informs about Fir`awn that he said to Musa, in his rejection of the existence of a Supreme Maker and Creator, Who is the God of everything and his own Lord and Owner:

فَمَن رَّبُّكُمَا يمُوسَى

(Who then, O Musa, is the Lord of you two) meaning "Who is the one who called you forth and sent you For verily, I do not know him and I have not given you any god other than myself."

قَالَ رَبُّنَا الَّذِى أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَىءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى

((Musa) said: "Our Lord is He Who gave to each thing its form and nature, then guided it aright.") `Ali bin Abi Talhah related that Ibn `Abbas said, "He is saying that He created a mate for everything." Ad-Dahhak said that Ibn `Abbas said, "He made the man a man, and the donkey a donkey and the sheep a sheep." Layth bin Abi Sulaym reported from Mujahid that he said, "He gave everything its form." Ibn Abi Najih said that Mujahid said, "He fashioned the creation of every moving creature." Sa`id bin Jubayr said concerning His statement,

أَعْطَى كُلَّ شَىءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَى

((Who) gave to each thing its form and nature, then guided it aright.) "He gave each of His creatures what is suitable for its creation." Therefore, He did not give man the form of a wild beast, nor did He give wild beasts the form of the dog. Likewise, the dog's form is not like the sheep's. He also gave creature a suitable spouse, and He influenced everything towards that mate. There is no species of creation that is exactly like another species. They are different in their actions, their forms, their sustenance and their mating. Some of the scholars of Tafsir have said that this statement, "He gave to each thing its form and nature, then guided it aright," is similar to Allah's statement,

وَالَّذِى قَدَّرَ فَهَدَى

(And Who has measured; and then guided.) 87:3 This means He measured out an ordained amount (of sustenance, actions, etc.) and then guided His creatures to it. He wrote the deeds, the appointed times of death and the provisions. Then, the creatures traverse upon that and they are not able to avoid it, nor are they able to abandon it. In this Ayah Musa is saying that our Lord is the One Who created the creation, measured out its ordainment and compelled the creatures to that which He wanted.

قَالَ فَمَا بَالُ الْقُرُونِ الاٍّولَى

((Fir`awn) said: "What about the generations of old") The most correct opinion concerning the meaning of this, is that when Musa informed Fir`awn that his Lord Who sent him is the One Who creates, sustains, ordains and guides, Fir`awn began to argue, using the previous generations as a proof. He was referring to those people of old who did not worship Allah. In other words, "If the matter is as you say, then what happened to those people They did not worship your Lord. Instead they worshipped other gods besides Him." Musa said to him, in response to this, that if they did not worship Allah, then Allah knows precisely what happened to them and He will give them just recompense for their deeds, as is written in Allah's Book (of decrees). This Book is called Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuz (The Preserved Tablet) and it is the Book of Deeds.

لاَّ يَضِلُّ رَبِّى وَلاَ يَنسَى

(My Lord neither errs nor forgets.) This means that nothing eludes Him and He does not miss anything, whether it is small or great. He does not forget anything and His Most Exalted knowledge is described as encompassing everything. Blessed be He, the Exalted, the Most Holy and free of any imperfections. The knowledge that creatures have has two deficiencies. The first is that it does not completely encompass anything, and the second is that the creature is prone to forget after knowing. Therefore, Allah has declared Himself above such deficiencies.

He said ‘Our Lord is He Who gave to everything in creation its peculiar nature through which it is distinguished from another thing and then guided it’ the animal among them to its source of food drink and procreation and in other ways.

أَعْطَىٰ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ خَلْقَهُ ثُمَّ هَدَىٰ (who gave everything its shape then guidance 20:50) refers to the guidance of Takwin (تکوینی ھدایت).

Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) reminded the Pharaoh, at the first place, of those acts of Allah Ta` ala which are obviously done by Him alone and about which no one else could claim that he has performed them. The Pharaoh totally unable to refute this argument, and in his confusion asked Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) a question which was designed to entangle him into giving a reply that would greatly offend the Egyptians. The question was: how did the people of bygone ages stand who all worshipped idols, and what was their fate? The Pharaoh's purpose was that if Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) replied (as the Pharaoh surmised he would) that they were all misguided and deserving of Hell, then he could instigate his people against the latter. But the reply which Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) gave was so wise and discreet that the Pharaoh's evil design was completely frustrated.