20:24 Taa-Haa (Taa-Haa)

تفسير الآيتين 24 و25 :ـلما أوحى الله إلى موسى، ونبأه، وأراه الآيات الباهرات، أرسله إلى فرعون، ملك مصر، فقال: { اذْهَبْ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّهُ طَغَى } أي: تمرد وزاد على الحد في الكفر والفساد والعلو في الأرض، والقهر للضعفاء، حتى إنه ادعى الربوبية والألوهية -قبحه الله- أي: وطغيانه سبب لهلاكه، ولكن من رحمة الله وحكمته وعدله، أنه لا يعذب أحدا، إلا بعد قيام الحجة بالرسل، فحينئذ علم موسى عليه السلام أنه تحمل حملا عظيما، حيث أرسل إلى هذا الجبار العنيد، الذي ليس له منازع في مصر من الخلق، وموسى عليه السلام، وحده، وقد جرى منه ما جرى من القتل، فامتثل أمر ربه، وتلقاه بالانشراح والقبول، وسأله المعونة وتيسير الأسباب، التي [هي] من تمام الدعوة، فقال: { رَبِّ اشْرَحْ لِي صَدْرِي } أي: وسعه وأفسحه، لأتحمل الأذى القولي والفعلي، ولا يتكدر قلبي بذلك، ولا يضيق صدري، فإن الصدر إذا ضاق، لم يصلح صاحبه لهداية الخلق ودعوتهم. قال الله لنبيه محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم: { فَبِمَا رَحْمَةٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ لِنْتَ لَهُمْ وَلَوْ كُنْتَ فَظًّا غَلِيظَ الْقَلْبِ لَانْفَضُّوا مِنْ حَوْلِكَ } وعسى الخلق يقبلون الحق مع اللين وسعة الصدر وانشراحه عليهم.

وقوله"اذهب إلى فرعون إنه طغى" أي اذهب إلى فرعون ملك مصر الذى خرجت فارا منه وهاربا فادعه إلى عبادة الله وحده لا شريك له ومره فليحسن إلى بني إسرائيل ولا يعذبهم قإنه قد طغى وبغى وآثر الحياة الدنيا ونسي الرب الأعلى.قال وهب بن منبه " قال الله لموسى انطلق برسالتي فإنك بسمعي وعيني وإن معك يدي وبصري وإني قد ألبستك جنة من سلطاني لتستكمل بها القوة في أمري فأنت جند عظيم من جندي بعثتك إلى خلق ضعيف من خلق بطر نعمتي وأمن مكري وغرته الدنيا عني حتى جحد حقي وأنكر ربوبيتي وزعم أنه لا يعرفني فإني أقسم بعزتي لولا القدر الذي وضعت بيني وبين خلقي لبطشت به بطشة جبار يغضب لغضبه السموات والأرض والجبال والبحار فإن أمرت السماء حصبته وإن أمرت الأرض ابتلعته وإن أمرت الجبال دمرته وإن أمرت البحار غرقته ولكنه هان علي وسقط من عيني ووسعه حلمي واستغنيت بما عندي وحقي أني أنا الغني لا غني غيري فبلغه رسالتي وادعه إلى عبادتي وتوحيدي وإخلاصي وذكره أيامي وحذره نقمتى وبأسي وأخبره أنه لا يقوم شيء لغضبي وقل له فيما بين ذلك قولا لينا لعله يتذكر أو يخشى وأخبره أني إلى العفو والمغفرة أسرع مني إلى الغضب والعقوبة ولا يروعنك ما ألبسته من لباس الدنيا فإن ناصيته بيدي ليس ينطق ولا يطرف ولا يتنفس إلا بإذني وقل له أجب ربك فإنه واسع المغفرة وقد أمهلك أربعمائة سنة في كلها أنت مبارزه بالمحاربة تسبه وتتمثل به وتصد عباده عن سبيله وهو يمطر عليك السماء وينبت لك الأرض لم تسقم ولم تهرم ولم تفتقر ولم تغلب ولو شاء الله أن يعجل لك العقوبة لفعل ولكنه ذو أناة وحلم عظيم وجاهده بنفسك وأخيك وأنتما تحتسبان بجهاده فإني لو شئت أن آتيه بجنود لا قبل له بها لفعلت ولكن ليعلم هذا العبد الضعيف الذي قد أعجبته نفسه وجموعه أن الفئة القليلة ولا قليل مني تغلب الفئة الكثيرة بإذني ولا تعجبنكما زينته ولا ما متع به ولا تمدا إلى ذلك أعينكما فإنها زهرة الحياة الدنيا وزينة المترفين ولو شئت أن أزينكما من الدنيا بزينة ليعلم فرعون حين ينظر إليها أن مقدرته تعجز عن مثل ما أوتيتما فعلت ولكني أرغب بكما عن ذلك وأزويه عنكما وكذلك أفعل بأوليائي وقديما ما جرت عادتي في ذلك فإني لأذودهم عن نعيمها وزخارفها كما يذود الراعي الشفيق إبله عن مبارك الغرة وما ذاك لهوانهم علي ولكن ليستكملوا نصيبهم في دار كرامتي سالما موفرا لم تكلمه الدنيا واعلم أنه لا يتزين لي العباد بزينة هي أبلغ فيما عندي من الزهد في الدنيا فإنها زينة المتقين عليهم منها لباس يعرفون به من السكينة والخشوع وسيماهم في وجوههم من أثر السجود أولئك أوليائي حقا حقا فإذا لقيتهم فاخفض لهم جناحك وذلل قلبك ولسانك واعلم أنه من أهان لي وليا أو أخافه فقد بارزني بالمحاربة وبادأني وعرض لي نفسه ودعاني إليها وأنا أسرع شيء إلى نصرة أوليائي أفيظن الذي يحاربني أن يقوم لي أم يظن الذي يعاديني أن يعجزني أم يظن الذي يبارزني أن يسبقني أو يفوتني وكيف وأنا الثائر لهم في الدنيا والآخرة لا أكل نصرتهم إلى غيري " رواه ابن أبي حاتم.

The Hand of Musa turning White without any Disease

This is the second sign of Musa. That is Allah has commanded him to place his hand into the opening of his garment, as is clearly stated in another Ayah. It mentioned here merely as a passing reference, saying:

وَاضْمُمْ يَدَكَ إِلَى جَنَاحِكَ

(And press your hand to your side:) Allah said in another Ayah,

وَاضْمُمْ إِلَيْكَ جَنَاحَكَ مِنَ الرَّهْبِ فَذَانِكَ بُرْهَانَـنِ مِن رَّبِّكَ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ وَمَلَئِهِ

(And draw your hand close to your side to be free from fear. These are two signs from your Lord to Fir`awn and his chiefs.) 28:32 Mujahid said,

وَاضْمُمْ يَدَكَ إِلَى جَنَاحِكَ

(And press your hand to your side:) "This means put your palm under your upper arm." When Musa put his hand into the opening of his garment and brought it out, it came out shining as if it were a half moon. Concerning His statement,

تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَآءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوءٍ

(it will come forth white, without any disease) This means without any leprosy, ailment, or disfigurement. This was stated by Ibn `Abbas, Mujahid, `Ikrimah, Qatadah, Ad-Dahhak, As-Suddi and others. Al-Hasan Al-Basri said, "He brought it out, and by Allah, it was as if it were a lamp. From this Musa knew that he had surely met his Lord, the Mighty and Sublime." This is why Allah says,

لِنُرِيَكَ مِنْ ءَايَـتِنَا الْكُبْرَى

(That We may show you (some) of Our greater signs.)

Allah commanded Musa to go to Fir`awn to convey the Message Allah said,

Allah commanded Musa to go to Fir`awn to convey the Message Allah said,

اذْهَبْ إِلَى فِرْعَوْنَ إِنَّهُ طَغَى

(Go to Fir`awn! Verily, he has transgressed.) This means, "Go to Fir`awn, the king of Egypt, whom you left Egypt fleeing from, and invite him to the worship of Allah alone, Who has no partners. Command him to treat the Children of Israel well and to not torment them. For verily, he has transgressed, oppressed, preferred the worldly life and forgotten the Most High Lord."

The Supplication of Musa

قَالَ رَبِّ اشْرَحْ لِى صَدْرِى - وَيَسِّرْ لِى أَمْرِى

((Musa) said: "O my Lord! Open for me my chest, and ease my task for me.") Musa requsted his Lord to expand his chest for his mission. For verily, He was commanding him with a great task and a weighty affair. He was sending him to the mightiest king on the face of the earth at that time. He was the most arrogant and severe of all people in his disbelief, and He had the largest army and the most powerful kingdom. He was the most tyrannical and the most obstinate of rulers. His case was such that he claimed not to know Allah at all, and that he knew of no god for his subjects other than himself. Along with this, Musa lived in his home for a period of time as a child. He stayed in Fir`awn's own room and slept on his bed. Then, after this, he killed one of their people and feared that they would retaliate by killing him in return. Thus, he fled from them and remained an outlaw during this entire time. Then, after all of this, His Lord sent him to them as a warner calling them to worship Allah alone, without associating partners with Him. This is why he said,

قَالَ رَبِّ اشْرَحْ لِى صَدْرِى - وَيَسِّرْ لِى أَمْرِى

(O my Lord! Open for me my chest, and ease my task for me.) This means, "I cannot perform this task if You do not help me, aid me and support me."

وَاحْلُلْ عُقْدَةً مِّن لِّسَانِى - يَفْقَهُواْ قَوْلِي

(And loosen the knot from my tongue, that they understand my speech.) This is referring to the lisp that he had. This lisp was a result of an incident when he was presented a date and a hot coal stone and he placed the coal on his tongue instead of the date. A detailed explanation of this story is forthcoming in the following chapters. However, he did not ask Allah to remove this affliction all together. Rather, he asked for removal of his stammering so the people would understand what he intended in his speech. He was only asking for what was necessary to deliver his message. If he had asked for the removal of his affliction in its entirety, it would have been cured for him. However, the Prophets do not ask for any more than what is required. Therefore, he was left with the remnants of this accident that took place with his tongue. Allah informed of what Fir`awn said concerning him,

أَمْ أَنَآ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ هَـذَا الَّذِى هُوَ مَهِينٌ وَلاَ يَكَادُ يُبِينُ

(Am I not better than this one who is despicable and can scarcely express himself clearly)43:52 This means that he is not eloquent in speech. Concerning Allah's statement,

وَاجْعَل لِّى وَزِيراً مِّنْ أَهْلِى - هَـرُونَ أَخِى

(And appoint for me a helper from my family, Harun, my brother.) This was also a request from Musa concerning something not pertaining to himself. That was his request for the assistance of his brother, Harun. Ath-Thawri reported from Abu Sa`id, from `Ikrimah, who said that Ibn `Abbas said, "Harun was made a Prophet at the same moment that Musa was made a Prophet." Ibn Abi Hatim recorded that `A'ishah went out intending to perform `Umrah and stopped to camp among some bedouins. While she was among them she heard a man say, "Which brother in this life was the most beneficial to his brother" The people said, "We do not know." The man said, "By Allah, I know." `A'ishah said, "I said to myself about his swearing, that he should not swear such an oath, singling himself out as knowing what person was of most benefit to his brother." The man said, "It is Musa, when he asked for prophethood to be bestowed upon his brother." Then `A'ishah said, "By Allah, he has spoken truthfully." This is why Allah commended Musa by saying,

وَكَانَ عِندَ اللَّهِ وَجِيهاً

(And he was honorable before Allah.)33:69 Concerning Musa's statement,

اشْدُدْ بِهِ أَزْرِى

(Increase my strength with him.) Mujahid said, "This means to make my back strong."

وَأَشْرِكْهُ فِى أَمْرِى

(And let him share my task.) make him my consultant in this matter.

كَىْ نُسَبِّحَكَ كَثِيراً - وَنَذْكُرَكَ كَثِيراً

(That we may glorify You much, and remember You much.) Mujahid said, "A servant of Allah is not considered of those who remember Allah much until he remembers Allah while standing, sitting and lying down." Concerning his statement,

إِنَّكَ كُنتَ بِنَا بَصِيراً

(Verily, You are ever seeing us.) This means in Your choosing us, giving us the prophethood and sending us to Your enemy, Fir`awn. So unto You is all praise for this.

Go as a messenger from God to Pharaoh and to those with him. He has indeed transgressed’ he has exceeded the usual limits in his disbelief by claiming to be a god.

اذْهَبْ إِلَىٰ فِرْ‌عَوْنَ (Go to the Pharaoh - 20:24). Having suitably armed him with two great miracles, Allah Ta` ala commanded Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) to proceed to Egypt and invite the Pharaoh to accept the true faith because he had exceeded all bounds in his tyranny and misdeeds.