2:55 Al-Baqara (The Cow)

تفسير الآيات من 50 الى 55 :ـ ثم ذكر منته عليهم بوعده لموسى أربعين ليلة لينزل عليهم التوراة المتضمنة للنعم العظيمة والمصالح العميمة، ثم إنهم لم يصبروا قبل استكمال الميعاد حتى عبدوا العجل من بعده, أي: ذهابه. { وَأَنْتُمْ ظَالِمُونَ } عالمون بظلمكم, قد قامت عليكم الحجة, فهو أعظم جرما وأكبر إثما. ثم إنه أمركم بالتوبة على لسان نبيه موسى بأن يقتل بعضكم بعضا فعفا الله عنكم بسبب ذلك { لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ } الله.

يقول تعالى واذكروا نعمتي عليكم في بعثي لكم بعد الصعق إذ سألتم رؤيتي جهرة عيانا مما لا يستطاع لكم ولا لأمثالكم كما قال ابن جريج قال: ابن عباس في هذه الآية "وإذ قلتم يا موسى لن نؤمن لك حتى نرى الله جهرة" قال علانية وكذا قال: إبراهيم بن طهمان عن عباد بن إسحاق عن أبي الحويرث عن ابن عباس أنه قال: في قوله تعالى "لن نؤمن لك حتى نرى الله جهرة" أي علانية أي حتى نرى الله وقال قتادة والربيع بن أنس "حتى نرى الله جهرة" أي عيانا وقال أبو جعفر عن الربيع بن أنس هم السبعون الذين اختارهم موسى فساروا معه قال فسمعوا كلاما فقالوا "لن نؤمن لك حتى نرى الله جهرة" قال فسمعوا صوتا فصعقوا يقول مالوا. وقال: مروان بن الحكم فيما خطب به على منبر مكة الصاعقة صيحة من السماء وقال السدي في قوله "فأخذتكم الصاعقة" نار وقال: عروة بن رويم في قوله "وأنتم تنظرون" قال: صعق بعضهم وبعض ينظرون ثم بعث هؤلاء وصعق هؤلاء وقال السدي "فأخذتكم الصاعقة" فماتوا فقام موسى يبكي ويدعو الله ويقول: رب ماذا أقول لبني إسرائيل إذا أتيتهم وقد أهلكت خيارهم لو شئت أهلكتهم من قبل وإياي أتهلكنا بما فعل السفهاء منا فأوحى الله إلى موسى أن هؤلاء السبعين ممن اتخذوا العجل ثم إن الله أحياهم فقاموا وعاشوا رجل رجل ينظر بعضهم إلى بعض كيف يحيون.

The Best among the Children of Israel ask to see Allah; their subsequent Death and Resurrection

Allah said, `Remember My favor on you for resurrecting you after you were seized with lightning when you asked to see Me directly, which neither you nor anyone else can bear or attain.' This was said by Ibn Jurayj. Ibn `Abbas said that the Ayah

وَإِذْ قُلْتُمْ يَـمُوسَى لَن نُّؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّى نَرَى اللَّهَ جَهْرَةً

(And (remember) when you said: "O Musa ! We shall never believe in you until we see Allah plainly.") means, "Publicly", "So that we gaze at Allah." Also, `Urwah bin Ruwaym said that Allah's statement,

وَأَنتُمْ تَنظُرُونَ

(While you were looking) means, "Some of them were struck with lightning while others were watching." Allah resurrected those, and struck the others with lightning. As-Suddi commented on,

فَأَخَذَتْكُمُ الصَّـعِقَةُ

(But you were seized with a bolt of lightning) saying; "They died, and Musa stood up crying and supplicating to Allah, `O Lord! What should I say to the Children of Israel when I go back to them after You destroyed the best of them,

لَوْ شِئْتَ أَهْلَكْتَهُم مِّن قَبْلُ وَإِيَّـىَ أَتُهْلِكُنَا بِمَا فَعَلَ السُّفَهَآءُ مِنَّآ

(If it had been Your will, You could have destroyed them and me before; would You destroy us for the deeds of the foolish ones among us)' Allah revealed to Musa that these seventy men were among those who worshipped the calf. Afterwards, Allah brought them back to life one man at a time, while the rest of them were watching how Allah was bringing them back to life. That is why Allah's said,

ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَـكُم مِّن بَعْدِ مَوْتِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ

(Then We raised you up after your death, so that you might be grateful.)"

Ar-Rabi` bin Anas said, "Death was their punishment, and they were resurrected after they died so they could finish out their lives." Qatadah said similarly.

`Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam commented on this Ayah, "Musa returned from meeting with his Lord carrying the Tablets on which He wrote the Tawrah. He found that they had worshipped the calf in his absence. Consequently, he commanded them to kill themselves, and they complied, and Allah forgave them. He said to them, `These Tablets have Allah's Book, containing what He commanded you and what He forbade for you.' They said, `Should we believe this statement because you said it By Allah, we will not believe until we see Allah in the open, until He shows us Himself and says: This is My Book, therefore, adhere to it. Why does He not talk to us as He talked to you, O, Musa"' Then he (`Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd) recited Allah's statement,

لَن نُّؤْمِنَ لَكَ حَتَّى نَرَى اللَّهَ جَهْرَةً

(We shall never believe in you until we see Allah plainly) and said, "So Allah's wrath fell upon them, a thunderbolt struck them, and they all died. Then Allah brought them back to life after He killed them." Then he (`Abdur-Rahman) recited Allah's statement,

ثُمَّ بَعَثْنَـكُم مِّن بَعْدِ مَوْتِكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ

(Then We raised you up after your death, so that you might be grateful), and said, "Musa said to them, `Take the Book of Allah.' They said, `No.' He said, `What is the matter with you' They said, `The problem is that we died and came back to life.' He said, `Take the Book of Allah.' They said, `No.' So Allah sent some angels who made the mountain topple over them."

This shows that the Children of Israel were required to fulfill the commandments after they were brought back to life. However, Al-Mawardy said that there are two opinions about this matter. The first opinion is that since the Children of Israel witnessed these miracles, they were compelled to believe, so they did not have to fulfill the commandments. The second opinion states that they were required to adhere to the commandments, so that no responsible adult is free of such responsibilities. Al-Qurtubi said that this is what is correct, because, he said, although the Children of Israel witnessed these tremendous calamities and incidents, that did not mean that they were not responsible for fulfilling the commandments any more. Rather they are responsible for that, and this is clear. Allah knows best.

And when you said having gone out with Moses to apologise before God for your worship of the calf and having heard what he had said to you; ‘O Moses we will not believe you till we see God openly’ with our own eyes; and the thunderbolt the shout took you and you died while you were beholding what was happening to you.

Then Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) (Moses) brought the Torah from Mount Tur طور (Sinai) and presented it to the Israelites as the book of Allah, some of them were insolent enough to say that they could not believe it until and unless Allah Himself told them in so many words. With the permission of Allah, Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) replied that even this condition would be fulfilled, if they went with him to Mount Tur طور . The Israelites chose seventy men for this purpose. Arriving there, they heard the words of Allah with their own ears. Now, in their perversity, they invented a new ruse. It was not enough, they said, to hear the speech, for they could not be sure whether it was Allah Himself who had spoken to them or someone else. But they promised that they would be finally convinced if they could see Allah with their own eyes. Since it is beyond the power of a living being to be able to see Allah in the physical world, they had to pay for their impertinence, and were killed by a thunderbolt -- the next verse reports their death.