19:78 Maryam (Mary)

قال الله، توبيخا له وتكذيبا: { أَطَّلَعَ الْغَيْبَ } أي: أحاط علمه بالغيب، حتى علم ما يكون، وأن من جملة ما يكون، أنه يؤتى يوم القيامة مالا وولدا؟ { أَمِ اتَّخَذَ عِنْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ عَهْدًا } أنه نائل ما قاله، أي: لم يكن شيء من ذلك، فعلم أنه متقول، قائل ما لا علم له به. وهذا التقسيم والترديد، في غاية ما يكون من الإلزام وإقامة الحجة؛ فإن الذي يزعم أنه حاصل له خير عند الله في الآخرة، لا يخلو: إما أن يكون قوله صادرا عن علم بالغيوب المستقبلة، وقد علم أن هذا لله وحده، فلا أحد يعلم شيئا من المستقبلات الغيبية، إلا من أطلعه الله عليه من رسله.وإما أن يكون متخذا عهدا عند الله، بالإيمان به، واتباع رسله، الذين عهد الله لأهله، وأوزع أنهم أهل الآخرة، والناجون الفائزون. فإذا انتفى هذان الأمران، علم بذلك بطلان الدعوى

وقوله "أطلع الغيب" إنكار على هذا القائل "لأوتين مالا وولدا يعني يوم القيامة أي أعلم ما له في الآخرة حتى تألى وحلف على ذلك "أم اتخذ عند الرحمن عهدا" أم له عند الله عهد سيؤتيه ذلك؟ وقد تقدم عند البخاري أنه الموثق وقال الضحاك عن ابن عباس "أطلع الغيب أم اتخذ عند الرحمن عهدا" قال لا إله إلا الله فيرجو بها وقال محمد بن كعب القرظي "إلا من اتخذ عند الرحمن عهدا" قال شهادة أن لا إله إلا الله ثم قرأ "إلا من اتخذ عند الرحمن عهدا".

Refuting the Disbelievers Who claim that They will be given Wealth and Children in the Hereafter

Imam Ahmad reported from Khabbab bin Al-Aratt that he said, "I was a blacksmith and Al-" ®256؛لs bin Wa'il owed me a debt. So I went to him to collect my debt from him. He said to me, `No, by Allah, I will not pay my debt to you until you disbelieve in Muhammad ﷺ.' I replied to him, `No, by Allah, I will not disbelieve in Muhammad ﷺ until you die and are resurrected again.' He then said to me, `Verily, if I die and am resurrected, and you come to me, I will also have abundance of wealth and children and I will repay you then.' Then, Allah revealed these Ayat,

أَفَرَأَيْتَ الَّذِى كَفَرَ بِـَايَـتِنَا وَقَالَ لأوتَيَنَّ مَالاً وَوَلَداً

(Have you seen him who disbelieved in Our Ayat and said: "I shall certainly be given wealth and children.") until,

وَيَأْتِينَا فَرْداً

(and he shall come to Us alone.) This was also recorded by the two compilers of the Sahihs and other collections as well. In the wording of Al-Bukhari it states that Khabbab said, "I used to be a blacksmith in Makkah and I made a sword for Al-" ®256؛لs bin Wa'il. So I went to him to collect my pay from him..." then he mentioned the rest of the Hadith and he said,

أَمِ اتَّخَذَ عِندَ الرَّحْمَـنِ عَهْداً

(or has he taken a covenant from the Most Gracious) "This means an agreement. " Concerning Allah's statement,

أَطَّلَعَ الْغَيْبَ

(Has he known the Unseen) This is a rejection of the person who says,

لأوتَيَنَّ مَالاً وَوَلَداً

(I shall certainly be given wealth and children.) Meaning, on the Day of Resurrection. In other words, "Does he know what he will have in the Hereafter, to such an extent that he can swear to it"

أَمِ اتَّخَذَ عِندَ الرَّحْمَـنِ عَهْداً

(or has he taken a covenant from the Most Gracious) Or has he received a promise from Allah that he will be given these things It has already been stated that in Sahih Al-Bukhari it is mentioned that covenant means an agreement. Concerning Allah's statement,

كَلاَّ

(Nay,) This is a participle that opposes what came before it and gives emphasis to what follows it.

سَنَكْتُبُ مَا يَقُولُ

(We shall record what he says,) what he is seeking, and his idea that he has given himself about what he hopes for, and his disbelief in Allah the Most Great.

وَنَمُدُّ لَهُ مِنَ الْعَذَابِ مَدّاً

(We shall increase his torment. ) This is referring to what will happen in the abode of the Hereafter, because of his saying his disbelief in Allah in this life.

وَنَرِثُهُ مَا يَقُولُ

(And We shall inherit from him all that he speaks of,) His wealth and children. It means, "We will take all of this from him, in opposition to his claim that he will be given more wealth and children in the Hereafter than he had in this life." To the contrary, in the Hereafter that which he had in this life will be taken from him. This is why Allah says,

وَيَأْتِينَا فَرْداً

(And he shall come to Us alone.) without wealth or children.

وَاتَّخَذُواْ مِن دُونِ اللَّهِ ءالِهَةً لِّيَكُونُواْ لَهُمْ عِزّاً

كَلاَّ سَيَكْفُرُونَ بِعِبَـدَتِهِمْ وَيَكُونُونَ عَلَيْهِمْ ضِدّاً

Has he come to learn something of the Unseen that is has he been given some knowledge of it and of the fact that he will be given what he has mentioned here the interrogative hamza of a-ittala‘a ‘has he come to learn?’ suffices in place of the conjunctive hamza which has therefore been omitted or has he made a covenant with the Compassionate One? to the effect that he be given what he claims?

This verse is an answer to ` As Ibn Wa’ ils boastful claim. How does he know that when he is brought back to life he will still have his wealth and children?

أَطَّلَعَ الْغَيْبَ (Has he peeped in the unseen - 19:78) It is obvious that nothing of this kind has happened. Then why has he considered it as a surety?

أَمِ اتَّخَذَ عِندَ الرَّ‌حْمَـٰنِ عَهْدًا

“ Or taken a covenant with The Rahman (All-Mercifull)”

Or has he entered into a covenant with Allah Ta` ala and obtained a promise from Him for his wealth and his children?