19:58 Maryam (Mary)

لما ذكر هؤلاء الأنبياء المكرمين، وخواص المرسلين، وذكر فضائلهم ومراتبهم قال: { أُولَئِكَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ } أي: أنعم الله عليهم نعمة لا تلحق، ومنة لا تسبق، من النبوة والرسالة، وهم الذين أمرنا أن ندعو الله أن يهدينا صراط الذين أنعمت عليهم، وأن من أطاع الله، كان { مَعَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِمْ مِنَ النَّبِيِّينَ } الآية. وأن بعضهم { مِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ آدَمَ وَمِمَّنْ حَمَلْنَا مَعَ نُوحٍ } أي: من ذريته { وَمِنْ ذُرِّيَّةِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَإِسْرَائِيلَ } فهذه خير بيوت العالم، اصطفاهم الله، واختارهم، واجتباهم،. وكان حالهم عند تلاوة آيات الرحمن عليهم، المتضمنة للإخبار بالغيوب وصفات علام الغيوب، والإخبار باليوم الآخر، والوعد والوعيد. { خَرُّوا سُجَّدًا وَبُكِيًّا } أي: خضعوا لآيات الله، وخشعوا لها، وأثرت في قلوبهم من الإيمان والرغبة والرهبة، ما أوجب لهم البكاء والإنابة، والسجود لربهم، ولم يكونوا من الذين إذا سمعوا آيات الله خروا عليها صما وعميانا. وفي إضافة الآيات إلى اسمه { الرحمن } دلالة على أن آياته، من رحمته بعباده وإحسانه إليهم حيث هداهم بها إلى الحق، وبصرهم من العمى، وأنقذهم من الضلالة، وعلمهم من الجهالة.

يقول تعالى هؤلاء النبيون وليس المراد المذكورين في هذه السورة فقط بل جنس الأنبياء عليهم السلام استطرد من ذكر الأشخاص إلى الجنس "الذين أنعم الله عليهم من النبيين من ذرية آدم" الآية قال السدي وابن جرير رحمه الله فالذي عنى به من ذرية آدم إدريس والذي عنى به من ذرية من حملنا مع نوح إبراهيم والذي عنى به من ذرية إبراهيم إسحاق ويعقوب وإسماعيل والذى عنى به من ذرية إسرائيل موسى وهارون وزكريا ويحيى وعيسى ابن مريم قال ابن جرير ولذلك فرق أنسابهم وإن كان يجمع جميعهم آدم لأن فيهم من ليس من ولد من كان مع نوح في السفينة وهو إدريس فإنه جد نوح " قلت " هذا هو الأظهر أن إدريس في عمود نسب نوح عليهما السلام. وقد قيل إنه من أنبياء بني إسرائيل أخذا من حديث الإسراء حيث قال في سلامه على النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم: مرحبا بالنبي الصالح والأخ الصالح ولم يقل والولد الصالح كما قال آدم وإبراهيم عليهما السلام وروى ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا يونس أنبأنا ابن وهب أخبرني ابن لهيعة عن يزيد ابن أبي حبيب عن عبدالله بن عمر أن إدريس أقدم من نوح فبعثه الله إلى قومه فأمرهم أن يقولوا لا إله إلا الله ويعملوا ما شاءوا فأبوا فأهلكهم الله عز وجل ومما يؤيد أن المراد بهذه الآية جنس الأنبياء أنها كقوله تعالى في سورة الأنعام "وتلك حجتنا آتيناها إبراهيم على قومه نرفع درجات من نشاء إن ربك حكيم عليم ووهبنا له إسحاق ويعقوب كلا هدينا ونوحا هدينا من قبل ومن ذريته داود وسليمان وأيوب ويوسف وموسى وهارون وكذلك نجزي المحسنين وزكريا ويحيى وعيسى وإلياس كل من الصالحين وإسماعيل واليسع ويونس ولوطا وكلا فضلنا على العالمين ومن آبائهم وذرياتهم وإخوانهم واجتبيناهم وهديناهم إلى صراط مستقيم - إلى قوله - أولئك الذين هدى الله فبهداهم اقتده" وقال سبحانه وتعالى "منهم من قصصنا عليك ومنهم من لم نقصص عليك" وفي صحيح البخاري عن مجاهد أنه سأل ابن عباس أفي ص سجدة؟ فقال نعم ثم تلا هذه الآية "أولئك الذين هدى الله فبهداهم اقتده" فنبيكم ممن أمر أن يقتدى بهم قال وهو منهم يعني داود. وقال الله تعالى في هذه الآية الكريمة "إذا تتلى عليهم آيات الرحمن خروا سجدا وبكيا" أي إذا سمعوا كلام الله المتضمن حججه ودلائله وبراهينه سجدوا لربهم خضوعا واستكانة حمدا وشكرا على ما هم فيه من النعم العظيمة والبكي جمع باك فلهذا أجمع العلماء على شرعية السجود ههنا اقتداء بهم واتباعا لمنوالهم. قال سفيان الثوري عن الأعمش عن إبراهيم عن أبي معمر قال قرأ عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه سورة مريم فسجد وقال هذا السجود فأين البكى يريد البكاء رواه ابن أبي حاتم وابن جرير وسقط من روايته ذكر أبي معمر فيما رأيت فالله أعلم.

These Prophets are the Chosen Ones

Allah, the Exalted, says that these Prophets (were favored), but this does not mean only these Prophets who were mentioned in this Surah. Rather, it is referring to all of those who were Prophets. Allah merely changes the implication of the discussion from specific individuals to the entire group of Prophets.

الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِم مِّنَ النَّبِيِّيْنَ مِن ذُرِّيَّةِ ءادَمَ

(they unto whom Allah bestowed His grace from among the Prophets, of the offspring of Adam.) As-Suddi and Ibn Jarir both said, "That which is meant by the offspring of Adam is Idris, and what is meant by the offspring of those `whom We carried with Nuh' is Ibrahim, and what is meant by the offspring of Ibrahim is Ishaq, Ya`qub and Isma`il, and what is meant by the offspring of Isra`il is Musa, Harun, Zakariyya, Yayha and `Isa bin Maryam." Ibn Jarir said, "And that is the distinction of their genealogies, even though Adam gathers all of them (as their original father). This is because among them is he who was not a descendant of those who were on the ship with Nuh, and he that is Idris. For verily, he was the grandfather of Nuh." I say that this is the most apparent meaning, which concludes that Idris is amongst the pillars of Nuh's ancestral lineage. The view that this Ayah refers to the ancestral lineage of the Prophets, is the fact that it is similar to Allah's statement in Surah Al-An`am,

وَتِلْكَ حُجَّتُنَآ ءَاتَيْنَـهَآ إِبْرَهِيمَ عَلَى قَوْمِهِ نَرْفَعُ دَرَجَـتٍ مَّن نَّشَآءُ إِنَّ رَبَّكَ حَكِيمٌ عَلِيمٌ - وَوَهَبْنَا لَهُ إِسْحَـقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ كُلاًّ هَدَيْنَا وَنُوحاً هَدَيْنَا مِن قَبْلُ وَمِن ذُرِّيَّتِهِ دَاوُودَ وَسُلَيْمَـنَ وَأَيُّوبَ وَيُوسُفَ وَمُوسَى وَهَـرُونَ وَكَذَلِكَ نَجْزِى الْمُحْسِنِينَ - وَزَكَرِيَّا وَيَحْيَى وَعِيسَى وَإِلْيَاسَ كُلٌّ مِّنَ الصَّـلِحِينَ - وَإِسْمَـعِيلَ وَالْيَسَعَ وَيُونُسَ وَلُوطاً وَكُلاًّ فَضَّلْنَا عَلَى الْعَـلَمِينَ - وَمِنْ ءابَائِهِمْ وَذُرِّيَّـتِهِمْ وَإِخْوَنِهِمْ وَاجْتَبَيْنَـهُمْ وَهَدَيْنَـهُمْ إِلَى صِرَطٍ مُّسْتَقِيمٍ

(And that was our proof which We gave Ibrahim against his people. We raise whom We will in degrees. Certainly your Lord is All-Wise, All-Knowing. And We bestowed upon him Ishaq and Ya`qub, each of them We guided; and before him We guided Nuh, and among his progeny Dawud, Sulayman, Ayyub, Yusuf, Musa and Harun. Thus do We reward the doers of good. And Zakariyya, and Yahya, and `Isa and Ilyas, each one of them was of the righteous. And Isma`il and Al-Yasa` and Yunus and Lut and each one of them We preferred above the `Alamin. And also some of their fathers and their progeny and their brethern, We chose them, and We guided them to the straight path.)6:83-87 Until Allah's statement,

أُوْلَـئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ فَبِهُدَاهُمُ اقْتَدِهْ

(They are those whom Allah had guided. So follow their guidance.) 6: 90 Allah, the Exalted, says,

مِنْهُم مَّن قَصَصْنَا عَلَيْكَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَّن لَّمْ نَقْصُصْ عَلَيْكَ

(Of some of them We have related to you their story. And of some We have not related to you their story.) 40:78 In Sahih Al-Bukhari it is reported from Mujahid that he asked Ibn `Abbas, "Is there a prostration in Surah Sad" Ibn `Abbas replied, "Yes." Then he recited,

أُوْلَـئِكَ الَّذِينَ هَدَى اللَّهُ فَبِهُدَاهُمُ اقْتَدِهْ

(They are those whom Allah had guided. So follow their guidance.) 6:90 Ibn `Abbas then said, "So your Prophet is one of those who have been commanded to follow them. And he is of those who should be followed." -- referring to Dawud. Allah, the Exalted, said in this noble Ayah,

إِذَا تُتْلَى عَلَيْهِمْ ءايَـتُ الرَّحْمَـنِ خَرُّواْ سُجَّداً وَبُكِيّاً

(When the Ayah of the Most Gracious were recited unto them, they fell down prostrate and weeping.) This means that when they heard the Words of Allah, mentioning His proofs and evidences, they prostrated to their Lord in humility, humbleness, praise and thanks for the great favors they were blessed with. The word Bukiyan at the end of the Ayah means those who are crying, and it is the plural of Baki. Due to this the scholars agree that it is legislated to prostrate upon reading this Ayah, in following them and adhering to their manner of worship.

Those ūlā’ika is the subject to whom God has been gracious alladhīna an‘ama’Llāhu ‘alayhim is an adjectival qualification of it of the subject from among the prophets mina’l-nabīyyīna an explication of it of the subject functioning like an adjectival qualification in terms of import. That which follows it mina’l-nabīyyīna ‘from among the prophets’ up to where the conditional sentence begins constitutes an adjectival qualification of al-nabīyyīna ‘the prophets’; and so His saying … of the seed of Adam namely Idrīs and of those whom We carried with Noah in the Ark namely Abraham — who is the son of his Noah’s son Shem Sām — and of the seed of Abraham namely Ishmael Isaac and Jacob and of the seed of Israel — who is Jacob — namely Moses Aaron Zachariah John and Jesus and from among those whom We guided and chose that is to say from among their number the predicate of ūlā’ika ‘those’ is the following idhā tutlā … when the signs of the Compassionate One were recited to them they would fall down prostrating and weeping these sujjadan and bukīyyan constitute the plural forms of sājid ‘prostrate’ and bākin ‘weeping’ respectively in other words what is meant is be you like them bukiyyun is originally formed from bakūyyin but the wāw is changed into a yā’ and the damma vowel into a kasra.

أُولَـٰئِكَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمَ اللَّـهُ عَلَيْهِم مِّنَ النَّبِيِّينَ مِن ذُرِّ‌يَّةِ آدَمَ

"Those are the people whom Allah has blessed with bounties, the prophets from the progeny of Adam." - 19.58.

This relates only to Sayyidna Idris (علیہ السلام) .

وَمِمَّنْ حَمَلْنَا مَعَ نُوحٍ

"And from those whom We boarded (the Ark) along with Nuh." - 19:58.

This relates to Sayyidna Ibrahim (علیہ السلام) only,

وَمِن ذُرِّ‌يَّةِ إِبْرَ‌اهِيمَ

"and from the progeny of Ibrahim" - 19:58.

This relates to Ismail, Ishaq and Ya` qub (علیہ السلام) .

وَإِسْرَ‌ائِيلَ

"and Isra'il" - 19:58.

This points out to Sayyidna Musa, Haran, Zakariyya and Yahya and ` Isa (علیہم السلام) .

إِذَا تُتْلَىٰ عَلَيْهِمْ آيَاتُ الرَّ‌حْمَـٰنِ خَرُّ‌وا سُجَّدًا وَبُكِيًّا

"When the verses of The Rahman (All-Merciful) are recited before them they fall down in Sajdah (prostration), weeping." -19:58.

Some very prominent prophets have been mentioned in the preceding verses as also their exalted status. Thus, there was a real danger that people might raise them to an exaggerated and high position as was the case with Jews who treated Sayyidna ` Uzair (علیہ السلام) as God, or the Christians who elevated Sayyidna ` Isa (علیہ السلام) to a level where they called him the son of God. Therefore, after the mention of all those prophets it was made very clear in the very next verse that they were all very God-fearing and used to prostrate (سَجدَہ) themselves before Allah in extreme reverence. It is to avoid any possibility of crossing the limits of reverence for them (Bayan ul-Qur'an).

Weeping during the recitation of Qur'an / Divine Book was the Practice of the Prophets (علیہ السلام)

Weeping while reciting Qur'an is a commendable act and was also an attribute of the prophets. It has been reported that The Holy Prophet ﷺ ، his companions, their followers and the God-fearing people followed this practice.

Qurtubi has reported that religious scholars consider it desirable that when going into Sajdah after reciting a verse of Sajdah (آیَت سجدہ) one should recite a prayer which is appropriate to the verse of Sajdah (آیَتِ سجدہ). For instance in Surah Sajdah (surah # 32) the following prayer be recited.

اللَّھُم اجعَلنِی مِنَ السَّاجِدِینَ لِوَجھِکَ المُسَبِّحِینَ بِحَمدِکَ وَاَعُوذُ بِک اَن اَکُونَ مِنَ المُستَکبِرِینَ عَن اَمرِکَ

(0 Allah, make me of those who prostrate to You alone, and who glorify You along with proclaiming Your praise. And I seek refuge with You from being of those who turn their faces, in arrogance, against Your command.)

While in the case of Sajdah at verse # 109 of (Surah Bani Isra'il) one should recite.

اللَّھُمَّ اَجعَلنِی مِنَ البَاکِینَ اِلَیکَ الخَاشِعِینَ لَکَ

(0 Allah, make me of those who weep before You and who are humble in heart before You.)

And for the verse of Sajdah under reference the following should be recited.

اللَّھُمَّ اجعَلنِی مِن عِبَادِکَ المُنعِمِ عَلَیھِمُ المَھدِیِّینَ السَّاجِدِینَ لِکِ البَاکِینَ عِندَ تِلَاوَۃِ آیَاتِکَ

( O Allah make me of those among Your slaves upon whom You bestowed Your bounties, who prostrate before You, who weep while reciting Your verses.) (Qurtubi)