19:28 Maryam (Mary)

{ يَا أُخْتَ هَارُونَ ْ} الظاهر، أنه أخ لها حقيقي، فنسبوها إليه، وكانوا يسمون بأسماء الأنبياء وليس هو هارون بن عمران أخا موسى، لأن بينهما قرونا كثيرة { مَا كَانَ أَبُوكِ امْرَأَ سَوْءٍ وَمَا كَانَتْ أُمُّكِ بَغِيًّا ْ} أي: لم يكن أبواك إلا صالحين سالمين من الشر، وخصوصا هذا الشر، الذي يشيرون إليه، وقصدهم: فكيف كنت على غير وصفهما؟ وأتيت بما لم يأتيا به؟. وذلك أن الذرية - في الغالب - بعضها من بعض، في الصلاح وضده، فتعجبوا - بحسب ما قام بقلوبهم - كيف وقع منها

أمرا عظيما "يا أخت هارون" أي شبيهة هارون في العبادة "ما كان أبوك امرأ سوء وما كانت أمك بغيا" أي أنت من بيت طيب طاهر معروف بالصلاح والعبادة والزهادة فكيف صدر هذا منك قال علي بن أبي طلحة والسدي قيل لها "يا أخت هارون" أي أخي موسى وكانت من نسله كما يقال للتميمي يا أخا تميم وللمصري يا أخا مضر وقيل نسبت إلى رجل صالح كان فيهم اسمه هارون فكانت تقاس به في الزهادة والعبادة وحكى ابن جرير عن بعضهم أنهم شبهوها برجل فاجر كان فيهم يقال له هارون ورواه ابن أبي حاتم عن سعيد بن جبير وأغرب من هذا كله ما رواه ابن أبي حاتم حدثنا علي بن الحسين الهجستاني حدثنا ابن أبي مريم حدثنا المفضل يعني ابن أبي فضالة حدثنا أبو صخر عن القرظي في قول الله عز وجل "يا أخت هارون" قال هي أخت هارون لأبيه وأمه وهي أخت موسى أخي هارون التي قصت أثر موسى "فبصرت به عن جنب وهم لا يشعرون" وهذا القول خطأ محض فإن الله تعالى قد ذكر في كتابه أنه قفى بعيسى بعد الرسل فدل على أنه آخر الأنبياء بعثا وليس بعده إلا محمد صلوات الله وسلامه عليهما ولهذا ثبت في صحيح البخاري عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال: "أنا أولى الناس بابن مريم لأنه ليس بيني وبينه نبي" ولو كان الأمر كما زعم محمد بن كعب القرظي لم يكن متأخرا عن الرسل سوى محمد ولكان قبل سليمان وداود فإن الله قد ذكرأن داود بعد موسى عليهما السلام وفي قوله تعالى: "ألم تر إلى الملأ من بني إسرائيل من بعد موسى إذ قالوا لنبي لهم ابعث لنا ملكا نقاتل في سبيل الله" وذكر القصة إلى أن قال "وقتل داود جالوت" الآية والذي جرأ القرظي على هذه المقالة ما في التوراة بعد خروج موسى وبني إسرائيل من البحر وإغراق فرعون وقومه قال وقامت مريم بنت عمران أخت موسى وهارون النبيين تضرب بالدف هي والنساء معها يسبحن الله ويشكرنه على ما أنعم به على بني إسرائيل فاعتقد القرظي أن هذه هي أم عيسى وهذه هفوة وغلطة شديدة بل هي باسم هذه وقد كانوا يسمون بأسماء أنبيائهم وصالحيهم كما قال الإمام أحمد حدثنا عبدالله بن إدريس سمعت أبي يذكره عن سماك عن علقمة بن وائل عن المغيرة بن شعبة قال: بعثني رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم إلى نجران فقالوا أرأيت ما تقرءون "يا أخت هارون" وموسى قبل عيسى بكذا وكذا؟ قال فرجعت فذكرت ذلك لرسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فقال: "ألا أخبرتهم أنهم كانوا يسمون بالأنبياء والصالحين قبلهم" انفرد بإخراجه مسلم والترمذي والنسائي من حديث عبدالله بن إدريس عن أبيه عن سماك به وقال الترمذي حسن صحيح غريب لا نعرفه إلا من حديث ابن إدريس وقال ابن جرير حدثني يعقوب حدثنا ابن علية عن سعيد بن أبي صدقة عن محمد بن سيرين قال أنبئت أن كعبا قال إن قوله: "يا أخت هارون" ليس بهارون أخي موسى قال فقالت له عائشة كذبت قال يا أم المؤمنين إن كان النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قاله فهو أعلم وأخبر وإلا فإني أجد بينهما ستمائة سنة قال فسكتت وفي هذا التاريخ نظر. وقال ابن جرير أيضا: حدثنا بشر حدثنا يزيد حدثنا سعيد عن قتادة قوله: "يا أخت هارون" الآية قال كانت من أهل بيت يعرفون بالصلاح ولا يعرفون بالفساد ومن الناس من يعرفون بالصلاح ويتوالدون به وآخرون يعرفون بالفساد ويتوالدون به وكان هارون مصلحا محببا في عشيرته وليس بهارون أ خي موسى ولكنه هارون آخر قال وذكر لنا أنه شيع جنازته يوم مات أربعون ألفا كلهم يسمى هارون من بني إسرائيل.

Maryam with Al-Masih before the People, Their Rejection of Her and His Reply to Them

Allah, the Exalted, informs of Maryam's situation when she was commanded to fast that day and not to speak to any human being. For verily, her affair would be taken care of and her proof would be established. Thus, she accepted the command of Allah and she readily received His decree. She took her child and brought him to her people, carrying him. When they saw her like this they made a big deal about her situation and they sternly protested against of it, and

قَالُواْ يمَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئاً فَرِيّاً

(They said: "O Mary! Indeed you have brought a thing Fariy.") Fariy means a mighty thing. This was said by Mujahid, Qatadah, As-Suddi and others. Ibn Abi Hatim reported from Nawf Al-Bikali that he said, "Her people went out searching for her, she was from a family that was blessed with prophethood and nobility. However, they could not find any trace of her. They came across a cow herder and they asked him, `Have you seen a girl whose description is such and such' He replied, `No, but tonight I saw my cows doing something that I've never seen them do before.' They asked, `What did you see' He said, `Tonight I saw them prostrating in the direction of that valley."' `Abdullah bin Ziyad said (adding to the narration), "I memorized from Sayyar that he (the cattle herder) said, `I saw a radiant light.' " So they went towards the direction that he told him, and Maryam was coming towards them from that direction. When she saw them she sat down and she was holding her child in her lap. They came towards her until they were standing over her.

قَالُواْ يمَرْيَمُ لَقَدْ جِئْتِ شَيْئاً فَرِيّاً

(They said: "O Mary! Indeed you have brought a mighty thing (Fariy).") This means it was a mighty thing that she had brought.

يأُخْتَ هَـرُونَ

(O sister of Harun!) This means, "O one resembling Harun (Aaron) in worship."

مَا كَانَ أَبُوكِ امْرَأَ سَوْءٍ وَمَا كَانَتْ أُمُّكِ بَغِيّاً

(Your father was not a man who used to commit adultery, nor your mother was an unchaste woman.) They meant, "You are from a good, pure family, well-known for its righteousness, worship and abstinence from worldy indulgence. How could you do such a thing" `Ali bin Abi Talhah and As-Suddi both said, "It was said to her,

يأُخْتَ هَـرُونَ

(O sister of Harun!) referring to the brother of Musa, because she was of his descendants. This is similar to the saying, `O brother of Tamim,' to one who is from the Tamimi tribe, and `O brother of Mudar,' to one who is from the Mudari tribe. It has also been said that she was related to a righteous man among them whose name was Harun and she was comparable to him in her abstinence and worship. Concerning Allah's statement,

فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَيْهِ قَالُواْ كَيْفَ نُكَلِّمُ مَن كَانَ فِى الْمَهْدِ صَبِيّاً

(Then she pointed to him. They said: "How can we talk to one who is a child in the cradle") This is what took place while they were in doubt about her situation, condeming her circumstances, saying what they wanted to say. At that time they were slandering her and falsely accusing her of a horrendous act. On that day she was fasting and keeping silent. Therefore, she referred all speech to him (the child) and she directed them to his address and speech to them. They scoffed at her because they thought that she was mocking at them and playing with them. They said,

كَيْفَ نُكَلِّمُ مَن كَانَ فِى الْمَهْدِ صَبِيّاً

(How can we talk to one who is a child in the cradle) Maymun bin Mahran said,

فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَيْهِ

(Then she pointed to him.) "She indicated, `Speak to him.' They then said, `After she has come to us with this calamity, she now commands us to speak to one who is a child in the cradle!"' As-Suddi said, "When she pointed to him they became angry and said, `Her mocking us, to the extent of commanding us to speak to this child, is worse to us than her fornication.' "

قَالُواْ كَيْفَ نُكَلِّمُ مَن كَانَ فِى الْمَهْدِ صَبِيّاً

(They said: "How can we talk to one who is a child in the cradle") This means, "How can someone speak who is in his cradle, in the state of infancy and a child" `Isa said,

إِنِّى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ

(Verily, I am a servant of Allah,) The first thing that he said was a declaration of the lofty honor of his Lord and His being free of having a child. Also, he affirmed that he himself was a worshipper of his Lord. Allah said,

ءَاتَانِىَ الْكِتَـبَ وَجَعَلَنِى نَبِيّاً

(He has given me the Scripture and made me a Prophet.) This was a declaration of innocence for his mother from the immorality that was attributed to her. Nawf Al-Bikali said, "When they said what they said to his mother, he (`Isa) was nursing from her breast. At their statement he released the breast from his mouth and reclined on his left saying,

إِنِّى عَبْدُ اللَّهِ ءَاتَانِىَ الْكِتَـبَ وَجَعَلَنِى نَبِيّاً

(Verily, I am a servant of Allah, He has given me the Scripture and made me a Prophet.) And he continued speaking until he said,

مَا دُمْتُ حَيّاً

(as long as I live.)" Concerning his statement,

وَجَعَلَنِى مُبَارَكاً أَيْنَ مَا كُنتُ

(And He has made me blessed wherever I be,) Mujahid, `Amr bin Qays and Ath-Thawri all said that this means, "And He made me a teacher of goodness." In another narration from Mujahid, he said, "A person of great benefit." Ibn Jarir reported from Wuhayb bin Al-Ward, a freed slave of the Bani Makhzum tribe, that he said, "A scholar met another scholar who had more knowledge than himself. So he said to him, `May Allah have mercy upon you, what acts of mine should I perform openly' The other replied, `Commanding good and forbidding evil, for verily, it is the religion of Allah, which He sent His Prophets with to His servants.' The scholars have indeed agreed upon the statement of Allah,

وَجَعَلَنِى مُبَارَكاً أَيْنَ مَا كُنتُ

(And He has made me blessed wherever I be,) Then it was said, `What was his blessing' He (Wuhayb) replied, `Commanding good and forbidding evil wherever he was.' " His saying,

وَأَوْصَانِى بِالصَّلَوةِ وَالزَّكَوةِ مَا دُمْتُ حَيّاً

(and He has enjoined on me Awsani Salah and Zakah, as long as I live.) This is similar to the statement of Allah to Muhammad ﷺ,

وَاعْبُدْ رَبَّكَ حَتَّى يَأْتِيَكَ الْيَقِينُ

(And worship your Lord until there comes unto you the certainty (i.e. death).) 15:99 `Abdur-Rahman bin Al-Qasim reported from Malik bin Anas that he commented on Allah's statement,

وَأَوْصَانِى بِالصَّلَوةِ وَالزَّكَوةِ مَا دُمْتُ حَيّاً

(and He has enjoined on me Awsani Salah and Zakah, as long as I live.) He said, "Allah informed him of what would be of his affair until his death. This is the firmest evidence against the people who deny Allah's preordained decree." Concerning Allah's statement,

وَبَرّاً بِوَالِدَتِى

(And to be dutiful to my mother.) This means, "He (Allah) has commanded me to treat my mother well." He mentioned this after mentioning obedience to his Lord, Allah. This is because Allah often combines the command to worship Him with obedience to the parents. This is similar to Allah's statement,

وَقَضَى رَبُّكَ أَلاَّ تَعْبُدُواْ إِلاَّ إِيَّـهُ وَبِالْوَلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَـناً

(And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him and that you be dutiful to your parents.) 17:23 And He, the Exalted, said,

أَنِ اشْكُرْ لِى وَلِوَلِدَيْكَ إِلَىَّ الْمَصِيرُ

(Give thanks to Me and to your parents. Unto Me is the final destination.) 31:14 Concerning his statement,

وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْنِى جَبَّاراً شَقِيّاً

(and He made me not arrogant, unblessed.) This means, "He (Allah) has not made me too proud or arrogant to worship Him, obey Him and be dutiful to my mother, and thus be unblessed." Concerning Allah's statement,

وَالسَّلَـمُ عَلَىَّ يَوْمَ وُلِدْتُّ وَيَوْمَ أَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ أُبْعَثُ حَيّاً

(And Salam (peace) be upon me the day I was born, and the day I die, and the day I shall be raised alive!) This is his affirmation that `he is a worshipper of Allah, the Mighty and Sublime, and that he is a creature created by Allah. He (`Isa) will live, die and be resurrected, just like the other creatures that Allah has created. However, he will have peace in these situations, which are the most difficult situations for Allah's creatures.' May Allah's peace and blessings be upon him.

O sister of Aaron — he was a righteous man in other words what is meant is O you who are like him in terms of chastity — your father was not a wicked man that is a fornicator nor was your mother unchaste’ that is a fornicatress so how is it that you have this child?

يَا أُخْتَ هَارُ‌ونَ (0 sister of Harun - 19:28). Sayyidna Harun (علیہ السلام) ، who was the brother and companion of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) had died centuries before Sayyidah Maryam (علیہا السلام) time. It is obvious, therefore, that in verse 28 where Sayyidah Maryam (علیہا السلام) is addressed as the sister of Sayyidna Harun (علیہ السلام) cannot be in its literal sense. This is also corroborated by the incident that when The Holy Prophet ﷺ sent Sayyidna Mughirah Ibn Shu'bah ؓ as his ambassador to the people of Najran they questioned him that in the Qur’ an Sayyidah Maryam (علیہا السلام) has been referred to as the sister of Sayyidna Harun (علیہ السلام) whereas he had died long before her. Sayyidna Mughirah ؓ did not know the answer to this question. So, when he returned from the mission, he narrated the whole incident to The Holy Prophet ﷺ . On this The Holy Prophet ﷺ said why did you not tell them that it has been a common practice with the believers to adopt the names of the prophets in expectation of receiving their Barakah (blessings), and to claim relationship with them. (Ahmad, Muslim, Tirmidhi, Nasa'i)

This saying of the Prophet ﷺ may be interpreted in two ways. One, that Sayyidah Maryam's (علیہا السلام) relationship with Sayyidna Harun (علیہ السلام) was mentioned because she was of his lineage, and it was customary with the Arabs to associate a person with their ancestors, for instance a man belonging to the tribe of Tamim would be called as Akha Tamim or Tamini's brother, or an Arab would be addressed as Akha Arab. The other meaning is that the name Harun does not refer to Sayyidna Harun (علیہ السلام) the companion / brother of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) but to the brother of Sayyidah Maryam (علیہا السلام) herself who was also named after Sayyidna Harun (علیہ السلام) out of reverence for the Prophet. In the second case the term Harun اُختَ ھَارُون (Sister of Harun) fits in very well with the literal meaning of the word اُخت (Sister).

مَا كَانَ أَبُوكِ امْرَ‌أَ سَوْءٍ

"Neither your father was a man of evil." - 19:28.

These words suggest that when someone who is descended from' righteous and pious ancestors commits a sin, then the sin is of greater magnitude compared to a sin committed by an ordinary person, because the sin brings bad name to the pious elders. It is for this reason that descendants of pious persons should make extra effort in the performance of righteous deeds, and fear Allah at all times.