19:26 Maryam (Mary)

{ فَكُلِي ْ} من التمر، { وَاشْرَبِي ْ} من النهر { وَقَرِّي عَيْنًا ْ} بعيسى، فهذا طمأنينتها من جهة السلامة من ألم الولادة، وحصول المأكل والمشرب والهني. وأما من جهة قالة الناس، فأمرها أنها إذا رأت أحدا من البشر، أن تقول على وجه الإشارة: { إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمَنِ صَوْمًا ْ} أي: سكوتا { فَلَنْ أُكَلِّمَ الْيَوْمَ إِنْسِيًّا ْ} أي: لا تخاطبيهم بكلام، لتستريحي من قولهم وكلامهم. وكان معروفا عندهم أن السكوت من العبادات المشروعة، وإنما لم تؤمر بخطابهم في نفي ذلك عن نفسها لأن الناس لا يصدقونها، ولا فيه فائدة، وليكون تبرئتها بكلام عيسى في المهد، أعظم شاهد على براءتها، .فإن إتيان المرأة بولد من دون زوج، ودعواها أنه من غير أحد، من أكبر الدعاوى، التي لو أقيم عدة من الشهود، لم تصدق بذلك، فجعلت بينة هذا الخارق للعادة، أمرا من جنسه، وهو كلام عيسى في حال صغره جدا.

وقوله: "فإما ترين من البشر أحدا" أي مهما رأيت من أحد "فقولي إني نذرت للرحمن صوما فلن أكلم اليوم إنسيا" المراد بهذا القول الإشارة إليه بذلك لا أن المراد به القول اللفظي لئلا ينافي "فلن أكلم اليوم إنسيا" قال أنس بن مالك في قوله "إني نذرت للرحمن صوما" قال صمتا وكذا قال ابن عباس والضحاك وفي رواية عن أنس: صوما وصمتا وكذا قال قتادة وغيرهما والمراد أنهم كانوا إذا صاموا في شريعتهم يحرم عليهم الطعام والكلام نص على ذلك السدي وقتادة وعبدالرحمن بن زيد قال ابن إسحاق عن حارثة قال: كنت عند ابن مسعود فجاء رجلان فسلم أحدهما ولم يسلم الآخر فقال ما شأنك؟ قال أصحابه حلف أن لا يكلم الناس اليوم فقال عبدالله بن مسعود كلم الناس وسلم عليهم فإن تلك امرأة علمت أن أحدا لا يصدقها أنها حملت من غير زوج يعني بذلك مريم عليها السلام ليكون عذرا لها إذا سئلت ورواه ابن أبي حاتم وابن جرير رحمهما الله وقال عبدالرحمن بن زيد لما قال عيسى لمريم "لا تحزني" قالت وكيف لا أحزن وأنت معي لا ذات زوج ولا مملوكة أي شيء عذري عند الناس؟ يا ليتني مت قبل هذا وكنت نسيا منسيا قال لها عيسى أنا أكفيك الكلام "فإما ترين من البشر أحدا فقولي إنى نذرت للرحمن صوما فلن أكلم اليوم إنسيا" قال هذا كله من كلام عيسى لأمه وكذا قال وهب.

What was said to Her after the Birth

Some reciters read the Ayah as,

مَنْ تَحْتِهَا

(Who was below her) Meaning the one who was below her called to her. Others recited it as,

مِن تَحْتِهَآ

(from below her) With the meaning of a preposition (from) instead of a pronoun (who). The scholars of Tafsir have differed over the interpretation of who was calling out. Al-`Awfi and others reported from Ibn `Abbas that he said,

فَنَادَاهَا مِن تَحْتِهَآ

(Then cried unto her from below her,) "This is referring to Jibrilbecause `Isa did not speak until she brought him to her people." Similarly, Sa`id bin Jubayr, Ad-Dahhak, `Amr bin Maymun, As-Suddi and Qatadah all said, "Verily, this is referring to the angel Jibril." This means that he (Jibril) called out to her from the bottom of the valley. Mujahid said,

فَنَادَاهَا مِن تَحْتِهَآ

(Then cried unto her from below her,) "This is referring to `Isa bin Maryam." Likewise, `Abdur-Razzaq reported from Ma`mar that Qatadah said that Al-Hasan said, "This is referring to her son (`Isa)." This is also one of the two opinions reported from Sa`id bin Jubayr -- that it was her son, `Isa, speaking. Sa`id said, "Have you not heard Allah saying,

فَأَشَارَتْ إِلَيْهِ

(Then she pointed to him.) Ibn Zayd and Ibn Jarir preferred this opinion in his Tafsir. Allah said,

أَلاَّ تَحْزَنِى

(Grieve not:) He called to her saying, "Do not grieve."

قَدْ جَعَلَ رَبُّكِ تَحْتَكِ سَرِيّاً

(your Lord has provided a Sariy under you.) Sufyan Ath-Thawri and Shu`bah reported from Abu Ishaq that Al-Bara' bin `Azib said, s

قَدْ جَعَلَ رَبُّكِ تَحْتَكِ سَرِيّاً

(your Lord has provided a Sariy under you.) "This means a small stream." Likewise, `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "Sariy means a river." `Amr bin Maymun held the same view, as he said, "It means a river for her to drink from." Mujahid said, "It means river in the Syrian language." Sa`id bin Jubayr said, "Sariy is a small flowing river." Others said that Sariy refers to `Isa. This was said by Al-Hasan, Ar-Rabi` bin Anas, Muhammad bin `Abbad bin Ja`far, and it is one of the two opinions reported from Qatadah. It is also the view of `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd bin Aslam. However, the first view seems to be the most obvious meaning. For this reason, Allah said after it,

وَهُزِّى إِلَيْكِ بِجِذْعِ النَّخْلَةِ

(And shake the trunk of date palm towards you,) meaning, "Grab the trunk of the date-palm tree and shake it towards yourself." Therefore, Allah blessed her by giving her food and drink. Then He said,

تُسَـقِطْ عَلَيْكِ رُطَباً جَنِيّاًفَكُلِى وَاشْرَبِى وَقَرِّى عَيْناً

(It will let fall fresh ripe dates upon you. So eat and drink and rejoice.) Meaning to be happy. This is why `Amr bin Maymun said, "Nothing is better for the woman confined in childbed than dried dates and fresh dates." Then he recited this noble Ayah. Concerning Allah's statement,

فَإِمَّا تَرَيِنَّ مِنَ البَشَرِ أَحَداً

(And if you see any human being,) This means any person that you see,

فَقُولِى إِنِّى نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمَـنِ صَوْماً فَلَنْ أُكَلِّمَ الْيَوْمَ إِنسِيّاً

(Say: `Verily, I have vowed a fast unto the Most Gracious (Allah) so I shall not speak to any human being today.') Meaning, by signaling with gestures, not a statement by speech. This is so that she does not negate her oath itself,

فَلَنْ أُكَلِّمَ الْيَوْمَ إِنسِيّاً

(so I shall not speak to any human being today. ) Anas bin Malik commented on,

إِنِّى نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمَـنِ صَوْماً

(I have vowed a fast unto the Most Gracious) He said; "A vow of silence." Likewise said Ibn `Abbas and Ad-Dahhak. The meaning here is that in their Law, when fasting, it was forbidden for them to eat and speak. As-Suddi, Qatadah and `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd have all stated this view. `Abdur-Rahman bin Zayd said, "When `Isa said to Maryam,

أَلاَّ تَحْزَنِى

(Grieve not) She said, `How can I not grieve when you are with me and I have no husband nor am I an owned slave woman What excuse do I have with the people Woe unto me, if I had only died before this, and had been a thing forgotten and unknown.' Then, `Isa said to her, `I will suffice you with a statement,

فَإِمَّا تَرَيِنَّ مِنَ البَشَرِ أَحَداً فَقُولِى إِنِّى نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمَـنِ صَوْماً فَلَنْ أُكَلِّمَ الْيَوْمَ إِنسِيّاً

(And if you see any human being, say: `Verily, I have vowed a fast unto the Most Gracious so I shall not speak to any human being this day.')' All of this is from the speech of `Isa to his mother." Wahb said the same as well.

So eat of the dates and drink from the rivulet and let your eye be comforted by the child ‘aynan ‘your eye’ a specification derived from the subject of the verb in other words what is meant is li-taqarra ‘aynuki bihi ‘that your eye may be comforted by him’ that is let it your eye be at peace and not covet any other than him; and if immā the nūn of the conditional particle in is here assimilated with the extra mā you happen to see tarayinna the third consonantal root the yā’ and the second the hamza have been omitted with the fatha vowel therein transferred to the first consonant the letter rā’ and a kasra vowel applied to the yā’ of the feminine person because of two unvowelled consonants coming together any human being and should he ask you about your child then say “I have vowed to the Compassionate One a fast that is to say an abstention from speaking of his affair and from speaking to any other humans — which is indicated by the following statement so I will not speak to any human today”’ that is after saying this.

But in the matter of their actual use the order was reversed i.e. eating was enjoined first and then drinking. It is perhaps because normally a person first makes arrangement for drinking water and then for food, specially such food as is more likely to produce thirst. But when it comes to their use the sequence gets reversed i.e. one eats first and then drinks water. (Ruh ul-Ma ani).