19:15 Maryam (Mary)

{ وَسَلَامٌ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ وُلِدَ وَيَوْمَ يَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ يُبْعَثُ حَيًّا ْ} وذلك يقتضي سلامته من الشيطان، والشر، والعقاب في هذه الأحوال الثلاثة وما بينها، وأنه سالم من النار والأهوال، ومن أهل دار السلام، فصلوات الله وسلامه عليه وعلى والده وعلى سائر المرسلين، وجعلنا من أتباعهم، إنه جواد كريم.

ثم قال بعد هذه الأوصاف الجميلة جزاء له على ذلك "وسلام عليه يوم ولد ويوم يموت ويوم يبعث حيا" أي له الأمان في هذه الثلاثة الأحوال وقال سفيان بن عيينة أوحش ما يكون المرء في ثلاثة مواطن يوم يولد فيرى نفسه خارجا مما كان فيه ويوم يموت فيرى قوما لم يكن عاينهم ويوم يبعث فيرى نفسه في محشر عظيم قال فأكرم الله فيها يحيى بن زكريا فخصه بالسلام عليه "وسلام عليه يوم ولد ويوم يموت ويوم يبعث حيا" رواه ابن جرير عن أحمد بن منصور المروزي عن صدقة بن الفضل عنه وقال عبدالرزاق أخبرنا معمر عن قتادة في قوله "جبارا عصيا" قال كان ابن المسيب يذكر قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "ما من أحد يلقى الله يوم القيامة إلا ذا ذنب إلا يحيى بن زكريا" قال قتادة: ما أذنب ولا هم بامرأة مرسل وقال محمد بن إسحاق عن يحيى بن سعيد عن سعيد بن المسيب حدثني ابن العاص أنه سمع النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال " كل بني آدم يأتي يوم القيامة وله ذنب إلا ما كان من يحيى بن زكريا" ابن إسحاق مدلس وقد عنعن هذا الحديث فالله أعلم وقال الإمام أحمد: حدثنا عفان حدثنا حماد أخبرنا علي بن زيد عن يوسف بن مهران عن ابن عباس أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال "ما من أحد من ولد آدم إلا وقد أخطأ أو هَمَّ بخطيئة ليس يحيى بن زكريا وما ينبغي لأحد أن يقول أنا خير من يونس بن متى" وهذا أيضا ضعيف لأن علي بن زيد بن جدعان له منكرات كثيرة والله أعلم وقال سعيد بن أبي عروبة عن قتادة أن الحسن قال: إن يحيى وعيسى عليهما السلام التقيا فقال له عيسى استغفر لي أنت خير مني فقال له الآخر أنت خير مني فقال له عيسى أنت خير مني سلمت على نفسي وسلم الله عليك فعرف والله فضلهما.

The Birth of the Boy and His Characteristics

This also implies what is not mentioned, that this promised boy was born and he was Yahya. There is also the implication that Allah taught him the Book, the Tawrah which they used to study among themselves. The Prophets who were sent to the Jews used to rule according to the Tawrah, as did the scholars and rabbis among them. He was still young in age when Allah gave him this knowledge. This is the reason that Allah mentioned it. Because of how Allah favored him and his parents, He says,

ييَحْيَى خُذِ الْكِتَـبَ بِقُوَّةٍ

(O Yahya! Hold fast to the Scripture the Tawrah.) Means, "Learn the Book with strength." In other words, learn it well, with zeal and studious effort.

وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحُكْمَ صَبِيّاً

(And We gave him wisdom while yet a child.) This means he was given understanding, knowledge, fortitude, diligence and zeal for good and the pursuit of good. He was blessed with these characteristics even though he was young. Allah said,

وَحَنَانًا مِّن لَّدُنَّا

(And (made him) Hananan from Us,) 19:13 Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said,

وَحَنَانًا مِّن لَّدُنَّا

(And Hananan from Us, ) "This means mercy from Us." `Ikrimah, Qatadah and Ad-Dahhak all said the same. Ad-Dahhak added, "Mercy that no one would be able to give except Us." Qatadah added, "With it, Allah had mercy upon Zakariyya." Mujahid said,

وَحَنَانًا مِّن لَّدُنَّا

(And Hananan from Us,) "This was gentleness from His Lord upon him." The apparent meaning is that Allah's statement Hananan (affection, compassion) is directly related to His statement,

وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحُكْمَ صَبِيّاً

(and We gave him wisdom while yet a child.) meaning, "We gave him wisdom, compassion and purity." This means that he was a compassionate man, who was righteous. Hanan means the love for affection and tenderness (towards others). Concerning Allah's statement,

وَزَكَوةً

(and Zakatan,) This is related to His statement,

وَحَنَانًا

(And Hananan) The word Zakah means purity from filth, wickedness and sins. Qatadah said, "The word Zakah means the righteous deed." Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Jurayj both said, "The righteous deed is the pure (Zakah) deed." Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said,

وَزَكَوةً

(and Zakatan,) "This means that he was a blessing."

وَكَانَ تَقِيًّا

(and he was pious.)19:13 meaning that he was pure and had no inclination to do sins. Allah said;

وَبَرًّا بِوَلِدَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَكُن جَبَّاراً عَصِيّاً

(And dutiful to his parents, and he was not arrogant or disobedient.) After Allah mentioned Yahya's obedience to his Lord and that Allah created him full of mercy, purity and piety, He attached to it his obedience to his parents and his good treatment of them. Allah mentioned that he refrained from disobeying them in speech, actions, commands and prohibitions. Due to this Allah says,

وَلَمْ يَكُن جَبَّاراً عَصِيّاً

(and he was not arrogant or disobedient.) Then, after mentioning these beautiful characteristics, Allah mentions his reward for this,

وَسَلَـمٌ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ وُلِدَ وَيَوْمَ يَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ يُبْعَثُ حَياً

(And Salam (peace) be on him the day he was born, and the day he dies, and the day he will be raised up to life (again)!) This means that he had security and safety in these three circumstances. Sufyan bin `Uyaynah said, "The loneliest that a man will ever feel is in three situations. The first situation is on the day that he is born, when he sees himself coming out of what he was in. The second situation is on the day that he dies, when he sees people that he will not see anymore. The third situation is on the day when he is resurrected, when he sees himself in the great gathering. Allah has exclusively honored Yahya, the son of Zakariyya, by granting him peace in these situations. Allah says,

وَسَلَـمٌ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ وُلِدَ وَيَوْمَ يَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ يُبْعَثُ حَياً

(And Salam (peace) be on him the day he was born, and the day he dies, and the day he will be raised up to life (again)!) This narration was reported by Ibn Jarir, from Ahmad bin Mansur Al-Marwazi, from Sadaqah bin Al-Fadl, from Sufyan bin `Uyaynah.

‘And peace from Us be upon him the day he was born and the day he dies and the day he shall be raised alive!’ that is on those fearful days in which he sees what he will never have seen before — in these he will be given security from fear.

حَنَانًا Literal meaning of this word is soft heartedness, compassion and mercy, and these qualities were specially granted to Sayyidna Yahya (علیہ السلام) .