19:13 Maryam (Mary)

{ و ْ} آتيناه أيضا { حَنَانًا مِنْ لَدُنَّا ْ} أي: رحمة ورأفة، تيسرت بها أموره، وصلحت بها أحواله، واستقامت بها أفعاله. { وَزَكَاةً ْ} أي: طهارة من الآفات والذنوب، فطهر قلبه وتزكى عقله، وذلك يتضمن زوال الأوصاف المذمومة، والأخلاق الرديئة، وزيادة الأخلاق الحسنة، والأوصاف المحمودة، ولهذا قال: { وَكَانَ تَقِيًّا ْ} أي: فاعلا للمأمور، تاركا للمحظور، ومن كان مؤمنا تقيا كان لله وليا، وكان من أهل الجنة التي أعدت للمتقين، وحصل له من الثواب الدنيوي والأخروي، ما رتبه الله على التقوى.

وقوله "وحنانا من لدنا" قال علي بن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس "وحنانا من لدنا" يقول ورحمة من عندنا وكذا قال عكرمة وقتادة والضحاك وزاد لا يقدر عليها غيرنا وزاد قتادة رحم الله بها زكريا وقال مجاهد "وحنانا من لدنا" وتعطفا من ربه عليه وقال عكرمة "وحنانا من لدنا" قال محبة عليه وقال ابن زيد أما الحنان فالمحبة وقال عطاء بن أبي رباح "وحنانا من لدنا" قال تعظيما من لدنا وقال ابن جريج: أخبرني عمرو بن دينار أنه سمع عكرمة عن ابن عباس أنه قال: لا والله ما أدري ما حنانا وقال ابن جرير حدثنا ابن حميد حدثنا جرير: عن منصور سألت سعيد بن جبير عن قوله "وحنانا من لدنا" فقال سألت عنها ابن عباس فلم يجد فيها شيئا والظاهر من السياق أن قوله وحنانا معطوف على قوله "وآتيناه الحكم صبيا" أي وآتيناه الحكم وحنانا وزكاة أي وجعلناه ذا حنان وزكاة فالحنان هو المحبة في شفقة وميل كما تقول العرب حنت الناقة على ولدها وحنت المرأة على زوجها ومنه سميت المرأة حنة من الحنية وحن الرجل إلى وطنه ومنه التعطف والرحمة كما قال الشاعر: تعطف علي هداك المليك فإن لكل مقام مقالا وفي المسند للإمام أحمد عن أنس رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه قال "يبقى رجل في النار ينادي ألف سنة يا حنان يا منان" وقد يثني ومنهم من يجعل ما ورد من ذلك لغة بذاتها كما قال طرفة: أبا منذر أفنيت فاستبق بعضنا حنانيك بعض الشر أهون من بعض وقوله وزكاة معطوف على وحنانا فالزكاة الطهارة من الدنس والآثام والذنوب وقال قتادة الزكاة العمل الصالح وقال الضحاك وابن جريج العمل الصالح الزكي وقال العوفي عن ابن عباس "وزكاة" قال بركة "وكان تقيا" طهر فلم يعمل بذنب.

The Birth of the Boy and His Characteristics

This also implies what is not mentioned, that this promised boy was born and he was Yahya. There is also the implication that Allah taught him the Book, the Tawrah which they used to study among themselves. The Prophets who were sent to the Jews used to rule according to the Tawrah, as did the scholars and rabbis among them. He was still young in age when Allah gave him this knowledge. This is the reason that Allah mentioned it. Because of how Allah favored him and his parents, He says,

ييَحْيَى خُذِ الْكِتَـبَ بِقُوَّةٍ

(O Yahya! Hold fast to the Scripture the Tawrah.) Means, "Learn the Book with strength." In other words, learn it well, with zeal and studious effort.

وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحُكْمَ صَبِيّاً

(And We gave him wisdom while yet a child.) This means he was given understanding, knowledge, fortitude, diligence and zeal for good and the pursuit of good. He was blessed with these characteristics even though he was young. Allah said,

وَحَنَانًا مِّن لَّدُنَّا

(And (made him) Hananan from Us,) 19:13 Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said,

وَحَنَانًا مِّن لَّدُنَّا

(And Hananan from Us, ) "This means mercy from Us." `Ikrimah, Qatadah and Ad-Dahhak all said the same. Ad-Dahhak added, "Mercy that no one would be able to give except Us." Qatadah added, "With it, Allah had mercy upon Zakariyya." Mujahid said,

وَحَنَانًا مِّن لَّدُنَّا

(And Hananan from Us,) "This was gentleness from His Lord upon him." The apparent meaning is that Allah's statement Hananan (affection, compassion) is directly related to His statement,

وَآتَيْنَاهُ الْحُكْمَ صَبِيّاً

(and We gave him wisdom while yet a child.) meaning, "We gave him wisdom, compassion and purity." This means that he was a compassionate man, who was righteous. Hanan means the love for affection and tenderness (towards others). Concerning Allah's statement,

وَزَكَوةً

(and Zakatan,) This is related to His statement,

وَحَنَانًا

(And Hananan) The word Zakah means purity from filth, wickedness and sins. Qatadah said, "The word Zakah means the righteous deed." Ad-Dahhak and Ibn Jurayj both said, "The righteous deed is the pure (Zakah) deed." Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said,

وَزَكَوةً

(and Zakatan,) "This means that he was a blessing."

وَكَانَ تَقِيًّا

(and he was pious.)19:13 meaning that he was pure and had no inclination to do sins. Allah said;

وَبَرًّا بِوَلِدَيْهِ وَلَمْ يَكُن جَبَّاراً عَصِيّاً

(And dutiful to his parents, and he was not arrogant or disobedient.) After Allah mentioned Yahya's obedience to his Lord and that Allah created him full of mercy, purity and piety, He attached to it his obedience to his parents and his good treatment of them. Allah mentioned that he refrained from disobeying them in speech, actions, commands and prohibitions. Due to this Allah says,

وَلَمْ يَكُن جَبَّاراً عَصِيّاً

(and he was not arrogant or disobedient.) Then, after mentioning these beautiful characteristics, Allah mentions his reward for this,

وَسَلَـمٌ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ وُلِدَ وَيَوْمَ يَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ يُبْعَثُ حَياً

(And Salam (peace) be on him the day he was born, and the day he dies, and the day he will be raised up to life (again)!) This means that he had security and safety in these three circumstances. Sufyan bin `Uyaynah said, "The loneliest that a man will ever feel is in three situations. The first situation is on the day that he is born, when he sees himself coming out of what he was in. The second situation is on the day that he dies, when he sees people that he will not see anymore. The third situation is on the day when he is resurrected, when he sees himself in the great gathering. Allah has exclusively honored Yahya, the son of Zakariyya, by granting him peace in these situations. Allah says,

وَسَلَـمٌ عَلَيْهِ يَوْمَ وُلِدَ وَيَوْمَ يَمُوتُ وَيَوْمَ يُبْعَثُ حَياً

(And Salam (peace) be on him the day he was born, and the day he dies, and the day he will be raised up to life (again)!) This narration was reported by Ibn Jarir, from Ahmad bin Mansur Al-Marwazi, from Sadaqah bin Al-Fadl, from Sufyan bin `Uyaynah.

and compassion a mercy for mankind from Us from Our presence and purity a charity for them and he was God-fearing — it is related that he never committed a sin nor contemplated committing one;

حَنَانًا Literal meaning of this word is soft heartedness, compassion and mercy, and these qualities were specially granted to Sayyidna Yahya (علیہ السلام) .