18:89 Al-Kahf (The Cave)

تفسير الآيات من 89 حتى 91 :ـ أي لما وصل إلى مغرب الشمس كر راجعا، قاصدا مطلعها، متبعا للأسباب، التي أعطاه الله، فوصل إلى مطلع الشمس فـ { وَجَدَهَا تَطْلُعُ عَلَى قَوْمٍ لَمْ نَجْعَلْ لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِهَا سِتْرًا ْ} أي: وجدها تطلع على أناس ليس لهم ستر من الشمس، إما لعدم استعدادهم في المساكن، وذلك لزيادة همجيتهم وتوحشهم، وعدم تمدنهم، وإما لكون الشمس دائمة عندهم، لا تغرب عنهم غروبا يذكر، كما يوجد ذلك في شرقي أفريقيا الجنوبي، فوصل إلى موضع انقطع عنه علم أهل الأرض، فضلا عن وصولهم إليه إياه بأبدانهم، ومع هذا، فكل هذا بتقدير الله له، وعلمه به ولهذا قال { كَذَلِكَ وَقَدْ أَحَطْنَا بِمَا لَدَيْهِ خُبَرًا ْ} أي: أحطنا بما عنده من الخير والأسباب العظيمة وعلمنا معه، حيثما توجه وسار.

يقول تعالى ثم سلك طريقًا فسار من مغرب الشمس إلى مطلعها وكان كلما مر بأمة قهرهم وغلبهم ودعاهم إلى الله عز وجل فإن أطاعوه وإلا أذلهم وأرغم آنافهم واستباح أموالهم وأمتعتهم واستخدم من كل أمة ما تستعين به جيوشه على قتال الإقليم المتاخم لهم.

His Journey East

Allah tells us that Dhul-Qarnayn then traveled from the west of the earth towards the east. Every time he passed a nation, he subjugated the people and called them to Allah. If they obeyed him, all well and good, otherwise he would humiliate them and take their wealth and possessions. From every nation he took what his armies needed to fight the next nation. When he reached the place where the sun rises, as Allah says,

وَجَدَهَا تَطْلُعُ عَلَى قَوْمٍ

(he found it rising on a people) meaning a nation,

لَّمْ نَجْعَل لَّهُمْ مِّن دُونِهَا سِتْراً

(for whom We (Allah) had provided no shelter against the sun.) meaning, they had no buildings or trees to cover them and shade them from the heat of the sun. Qatadah said, "It was mentioned to us that they were in a land where nothing grew, so when the sun rose they would go into tunnels until it had passed its zenith, then they would come out to go about their daily lives and earn themselves a living."

كَذَلِكَ وَقَدْ أَحَطْنَا بِمَا لَدَيْهِ خُبْراً

(So (it was)! And We knew all about him.) Mujahid and As-Suddi said, "This means that Allah knew everything about him and his army, and nothing was hidden from Him, even though they came from so many different nations and lands. For,

لاَ يَخْفَى عَلَيْهِ شَىْءٌ فِي الاٌّرْضِ وَلاَ فِى السَّمَآءِ

(Truly, nothing is hidden from Allah, in the earth or in the heaven.)3:5"

Then he followed a way towards the east

Commentary

The Holy Qur'an does describe this state of the people Dhul-Qarnain found living towards the East meaning thereby that they were not accustomed to the use of ways and means like houses, tents and dresses to seek protection against the Sun. But, it does not mention anything about their faith and deeds, nor does it say what Dhul-Qarnain did to them.

However, it is obvious that these people too were infidels and Dhul-Qarnain handled them the way he had handled the people he had found in the West as mentioned earlier. But, describing it again at this place was not considered necessary since finding it out is also possible on the analogy of the previous event. (As in al-Bahr al-Muhit from Ibn Atiyyah)