18:71 Al-Kahf (The Cave)

{ فَانْطَلَقَا حَتَّى إِذَا رَكِبَا فِي السَّفِينَةِ خَرَقَهَا ْ} أي: اقتلع الخضر منها لوحا، وكان له مقصود في ذلك، سيبينه، فلم يصبر موسى عليه السلام، لأن ظاهره أنه منكر، لأنه عيب للسفينة، وسبب لغرق أهلها، ولهذا قال موسى: { أَخَرَقْتَهَا لِتُغْرِقَ أَهْلَهَا لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا إِمْرًا ْ} أي: عظيما شنيعا، وهذا من عدم صبره عليه السلام

يقول تعالى مخبرا عن موسى وصاحبه وهو الخضر أنهما انطلقا لما توافقا واصطحبا واشترط عليه أن لا يسأله عن شيء أنكره حتى يكون هو الذي يبتدئه من تلقاء نفسه بشرحه وبيانه فركبا في السفينة وقد تقدم في الحديث كيف ركبا في السفينة وأنهم عرفوا الخضر فحملوهما بغير نول يعني بغير أجرة تكرمة للخضر فلما استقلت بهم السفينة في البحر ولججت أي دخلت اللجة قام الخضر فخرقها واستخرج لوحًا من ألواحها ثم رقعها فلم يملك موسى عليه السلام نفسه أن قال منكرا عليه " أخرقتها لتغرق أهلها " وهذه اللام لام العاقبة لا لام التعليل كما قال الشاعر: لدوا للموت وابنوا للخراب " لقد جئت شيئًا إمرا " قال مجاهد منكرًا وقال قتادة عجبًا فعندها قال له الخضر مذكرا بما تقدم من الشرط.

Damaging the Boat

Allah tells us that Musa and his companion Al-Khidr set out having come to an agreement and reached an understanding. Al-Khidr had made the condition that Musa should not ask him about anything he found distasteful until he himself initiated the discussion and offered an explanation. So they went on board the ship, as described in the Hadith quoted above -- the crew recognized Al-Khidr and let them ride on board free of charge, as an honor to Al-Khidr. When the boat took them out to sea and they were far from the shore, Al-Khidr got up and damaged the boat, pulling out one of its planks and then patching it up again. Musa, peace be upon him, could not restrain himself from denouncing him, so he said:

أَخَرَقْتَهَا لِتُغْرِقَ أَهْلَهَا

(Have you damaged it wherein its people will drown) The grammatical structure of the sentence in Arabic implies that this was the consequence, not the purpose, of his action.

لَقَدْ جِئْتَ شَيْئًا إِمْرًا

(Verily, you have committed a thing Imr.) About `Imr', Mujahid said: "An evil thing." Qatadah said, "An astounding thing." At this point, reminding him of the previously-agreed condition, Al-Khidr said:

أَلَمْ أَقُلْ إِنَّكَ لَن تَسْتَطِيعَ مَعِىَ صَبْراً

(Did I not tell you, that you would not be able to have patience with me) meaning, `this thing that I did deliberately is one of the things I told you not to denounce me for, because you do not know the full story, and there is a reason and purpose for it that you do not know about.'

قَالَ

(He said), meaning, Musa said:

لاَ تُؤَاخِذْنِى بِمَا نَسِيتُ وَلاَ تُرْهِقْنِى مِنْ أَمْرِى عُسْراً

(Call me not to account for what I forgot, and be not hard upon me for my affair (with you).) meaning, `do not be harsh with me.' Hence it says in the Hadith quoted above from the Messenger of Allah ﷺ:

«كَانَتِ الْأُولَى مِنْ مُوسَى نِسْيَانًا»

(In the first instance, Musa asked Al-Khidr because he had forgotten his promise.)

So they set off making their way on foot along the coast of the sea until when they embarked on the ship which was carrying them he al-Khidr made a hole in it by destroying a plank or two on the starboard side with an axe after they had sailed into deep waters. Said he Moses to him ‘Did you make a hole in it to drown its people? li-tughriqa ahlahā ‘for you to drown its people’; a variant reading has li-yaghraqa ahluhā ‘so that its people might drown’. You have certainly done a dreadful thing’ that is a grave and reprehensible thing — it is reported that the water did not actually penetrate it.

Commentary

It was said in verse 71: أَخَرَ‌قْتَهَا لِتُغْرِ‌قَ أَهْلَهَا (Did you break it that you drown its people?). About it, it appears in the Hadith of the Sahihs of al-Bukhari and Muslim that al-Khadir (علیہ السلام) had dislodged a plank of the

boat with an axe because of which there was a danger that water would fill up the boat and it would capsize. Therefore, Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) had objected to it. But, according to historical reports, water did not fill into this boat. This may have happened either because al-Khadir had somehow repaired it himself soon after - as in a report carried by al-Baghawi according to which al-Khadir (علیہ السلام) had replaced the plank with glass. Or, water just did not enter the boat in the manner of a miracle. However, the context of the Qur’ an by itself is telling us that the boat did not capsize - something which supports these reports.