17:64 Al-Israa (The Night Journey)

ثم أمره الله أن يفعل كل ما يقدر عليه من إضلالهم فقال: { وَاسْتَفْزِزْ مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ مِنْهُمْ بِصَوْتِكَ } ويدخل في هذا كل داع إلى المعصية. { وَأَجْلِبْ عَلَيْهِمْ بِخَيْلِكَ وَرَجِلِكَ } ويدخل فيه كل راكب وماش في معصية الله فهو من خيل الشيطان ورجله. والمقصود أن الله ابتلى العباد بهذا العدو المبين الداعي لهم إلى معصية الله بأقواله وأفعاله. { وَشَارِكْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَولَادِ } وذلك شامل لكل معصية تعلقت بأموالهم وأولادهم من منع الزكاة والكفارات والحقوق الواجبة، وعدم تأديب الأولاد وتربيتهم على الخير وترك الشر وأخذ الأموال بغير حقها أو وضعها بغير حقها أو استعمال المكاسب الردية. بل ذكر كثير من المفسرين أنه يدخل في مشاركة الشيطان في الأموال والأولاد ترك التسمية عند الطعام والشراب والجماع، وأنه إذا لم يسم الله في ذلك شارك فيه الشيطان كما ورد فيه الحديث.{ وَعِدْهُمْ } الوعود المزخرفة التي لا حقيقة لها ولهذا قال: { وَمَا يَعِدُهُمُ الشَّيْطَانُ إِلَّا غُرُورًا } أي: باطلا مضمحلا كأن يزين لهم المعاصي والعقائد الفاسدة ويعدهم عليها الأجر لأنهم يظنون أنهم على الحق، وقال تعالى: { الشَّيْطَانُ يَعِدُكُمُ الْفَقْرَ وَيَأْمُرُكُمْ بِالْفَحْشَاءِ وَاللَّهُ يَعِدُكُمْ مَغْفِرَةً مِنْهُ وَفَضْلًا

وقوله تعالى "واستفزز من استطعت منهم بصوتك" قيل هو الغناء قال مجاهد باللهو والغناء أي استخفهم بذلك وقال ابن عباس في قوله "واستفزز من استطعت منهم بصوتك" قال كل داع دعا إلى معصية الله عز وجل وقال قتادة واختاره ابن جرير وقوله تعالى "وأجلب عليهم بخيلك ورجلك" يقول واحمل عليهم بجنودك خيالتهم ورجلتهم فإن الرجل جمع راجل كما أن الركب جمع راكب وصحب جمع صاحب ومعناه تسلط عليهم بكل ما تقدر عليه وهذا أمر قدري كقوله تعالى "ألم تر أنا أرسلنا الشياطين على الكافرين تؤزهم أزا" أي تزعجهم إلى المعاصي إزعاجا وتسوقهم إليها سوقا وقال ابن عباس ومجاهد في قوله "وأجلب عليهم بخيلك ورجلك" قال كل راكب وماش في معصية الله وقال قتادة: إن له خيلا ورجالا من الجن والإنس وهم الذين يطيعونه تقول العرب أجلب فلان على فلان إذا صاح عليه ومنه نهى في المسابقة عن الجلب والجنب ومنه اشتقاق الجلبة وهي ارتفاع الأصوات وقوله تعالى "وشاركهم في الأموال والأولاد" قال ابن عباس ومجاهد: هو ما أمرهم به من إنفاق الأموال في معاصي الله تعالى وقال عطاء: هو الربا وقال الحسن: هو جمعها من خبيث وإنفاقها في حرام وكذا قال قتادة وقال العوفي عن ابن عباس رضي الله عنهما أما مشاركته إياهم في أموالهم فهو ما حرموه من أنعامهم يعني من البحائر والسوائب ونحوها وكذا قال الضحاك وقتادة وقال ابن جرير والأولى أن يقال إن الآية تعم ذلك كله وقوله "والأولاد" قال العوفي عن ابن عباس ومجاهد والضحاك يعني أولاد الزنا وقال علي ابن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس هو ما كانوا قتلوه من أولادهم سفها بغير علم وقال قتادة عن الحسن البصري: قد والله شاركهم في الأموال والأولاد مجسوا وهودوا ونصروا وصبغوا غير صبغة الإسلام وجزءوا من أمواله جزءا للشيطان وكذا قال قتادة سواء وقال أبو صالح عن ابن عباس هو تسميتهم أولادهم عبدالحارث وعبد شمس وعبد فلان. قال ابن جرير وأولى الأقوال بالصواب أن يقال كل مولود ولدته أنثى عصى الله فيه بتسميته بما يكرهه الله أو بإدخاله في غير الدين الذي ارتضاه الله أو بالزنا بأمه أو بقتله أو وأده أو غير ذلك من الأمور التي يعصي الله بفعله به أو فيه فقد دخل في مشاركة إبليس فيه من ولد ذلك الولد له أو منه لأن الله لم يخصص بقوله "وشاركهم في الأموال والأولاد" معنى الشركة فيه بمعنى دون معنى فكل ما عصي الله فيه أو به أو أطيع الشيطان فيه أو به فهو مشاركة وهذا الذي قاله متجه وكل من السلف رحمهم الله فسر بعض المشاركة فقد ثبت في صحيح مسلم عن عياض بن حماد أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال "يقول الله عز وجل إني خلقت عبادي حنفاء فجاءتهم الشياطين فاجتالتهم عن دينهم وحرمت عليهم ما أحللت لهم" وفي الصحيحين أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال "لو أن أحدهم إذا أراد أن يأتي أهله قال بسم الله اللهم جنبنا الشيطان وجنب الشيطان ما رزقتنا فإنه إن يقدر بينهما ولد في ذلك لم يضره الشيطان أبدا" وقوله تعالى "وعدهم وما يعدهم الشيطان إلا غرورا" كما أخبر تعالى عن إبليس أنه يقول إذا حصحص الحق يوم يقضى بالحق "إن الله وعدكم وعد الحق ووعدتكم فأخلفتكم" الآية.

اذْهَبْ

`(Go,) I will give you respite.' According to another Ayah (Allah) said:

قَالَ فَإِنَّكَ مِنَ الْمُنظَرِينَ - إِلَى يَوْمِ الْوَقْتِ الْمَعْلُومِ

(Verily, you are of those allowed respite till the Day of the time appointed.) (38:80-81). Then Allah warned him and those who follow him among the progeny of Adam about Hell:

قَالَ اذْهَبْ فَمَن تَبِعَكَ مِنْهُمْ فَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ جَزَآؤُكُمْ

((Allah) said: "Go, and whosoever of them follows you, surely, Hell will be the recompense of you (all)) meaning, for your deeds.

جَزَاءً مَّوفُورًا

(an ample recompense.) Mujahid said, "Sufficient recompense." Qatadah said, "It will be abundant for you and will not be decreased for you."

وَاسْتَفْزِزْ مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ مِنْهُمْ بِصَوْتِكَ

(And fool them gradually those whom you can among them with your voice,) It was said that this refers to singing. Mujahid said, "With idle entertainment and singing," meaning, influence them with that.

وَاسْتَفْزِزْ مَنِ اسْتَطَعْتَ مِنْهُمْ بِصَوْتِكَ

(And fool them gradually those whom you can among them with your voice,) Ibn `Abbas said, "Every caller who calls people to disobey Allah." This was the view of Qatadah, and was also the opinion favored by Ibn Jarir.

وَأَجْلِبْ عَلَيْهِم بِخَيْلِكَ وَرَجِلِكَ

(Ajib upon them with your cavalry and your infantry.) Send your troops and cavalry and infantry against them. The meaning is, send whatever forces you have at your disposal against them. This is a command (related to the divine decree), as Allah says elsewhere:

أَلَمْ تَرَ أَنَّآ أَرْسَلْنَا الشَّيَـطِينَ عَلَى الْكَـفِرِينَ تَؤُزُّهُمْ أَزّاً

(See you not that We have sent the Shayatin against the disbelievers to push them to do evil. ) (19:83), meaning, to provoke them and drive them towards evil.

وَأَجْلِبْ عَلَيْهِم بِخَيْلِكَ وَرَجِلِكَ

(Ajlib upon them with your cavalry and your infantry,) Ibn `Abbas and Mujahid said, "Everyone who rides or walks to go and commit sin and disobey Allah." Qatadah said, "He has infantry and cavalry among the Jinn and among humans. They are the ones who obey him." The Arabs use the verb Ajlaba when describing somebody shouting at another person. Hence it is forbidden in races to shout at one another and push one another. From this root is also derived the word Jalabah, which means raising voices.

وَشَارِكْهُمْ فِى الاٌّمْوَلِ وَالاٌّوْلَـدِ

(and share with them wealth and children,) Ibn `Abbas and Mujahid said, "This means what he commands them to do of spending money in disobedience to Allah, may He be exalted."

وَالاٌّوْلْـدِ

(and children,) Ibn' Abbas, as reported by Al-`Awfi, Mujahid and Ad-Dahhak said, "This means the children of Zina (i.e., illegitimate children)." `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said, "This means the children whom they used to kill out of folly, without knowledge." Qatadah reported that Al-Hasan Al-Basri said: "Allah caused Shaytan to take a share of wealth and children by making them Magians, Jews and Christians, and making them follow any religion other than Islam, and by making them give a part of their wealth to the Shaytan." Qatadah said the same.

وَشَارِكْهُمْ فِى الاٌّمْوَلِ وَالاٌّوْلَـدِ

(and share with them wealth and children.) The fact that only wealth and children are mentioned in this Ayah, does not mean that it is limited only to those things. Everything in which a person disobeys Allah or obeys the Shaytan means that he is sharing with him. It was reported in Sahih Muslim from `Iyad bin Himar that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«يَقُولُ اللهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ إِنِّي خَلَقْتُ عِبَادِي حُنَفَاءَ فَجَاءَتْهُمُ الشَّيَاطِينُ فَاجْتَالَتْهُمْ عَنْ دِينِهِمْ وَحَرَّمَتْ عَلَيْهِمْ مَا أَحْلَلْتُ لَهُم»

(Allah the Mighty and Exalted says, "I have created My servants as Hunafa' monotheists, then the Shayatin come to them and lead them astray from their religion and (tell that) what I have permitted for them is forbidden to them.") According to the Two Sahihs, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:

«لَوْ أَنَّ أَحَدَهُمْ إِذَا أَرَادَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَ أَهْلَهُ قَالَ: بِسْمِ اللهِ اللَّهُمَّ جَنِّبْنَا الشَّيْطَانَ وَجَنِّبِ الشَّيْطَانَ مَا رَزَقْتَنَا فَإِنَّهُ إِنْ يُقَدَّرْ بَيْنَهُمَا وَلَدٌ فِي ذَلِكَ لَمْ يَضُرَّهُ الشَّيْطَانُ أَبَدًا»

(When one of you wants to have intercourse with his wife, let him say, `In the Name of Allah. O Allah, keep us away from Shaytan and keep Shaytan away from what you bestow on us (children).' Then if a child is decreed for them from that, the Shaytan will never harm him.)

وَعِدْهُمْ وَمَا يَعِدُهُمُ الشَّيْطَـنُ إِلاَّ غُرُورًا

("...and make promises to them." But Shaytan promises them nothing but deceit.) As Allah tells us, Iblis will say, on the Day when the matter is decided:

إِنَّ اللَّهَ وَعَدَكُمْ وَعْدَ الْحَقِّ وَوَعَدتُّكُمْ فَأَخْلَفْتُكُمْ

(Verily, Allah promised you a promise of truth. And I too promised you, but I betrayed you.) 14:22

إِنَّ عِبَادِى لَيْسَ لَكَ عَلَيْهِمْ سُلْطَـنٌ

(Verily, My servants, you have no authority over them.) Here Allah tells us that He supports His believing servants, and guards and protects them against the accursed Shaytan. Allah says:

وَكَفَى بِرَبِّكَ وَكِيلاً

(And All-Sufficient is your Lord as a Guardian.) meaning, as a Protector, Supporter and Helper.

And tempt dupe whomever of them you can with your voice by your calling them with songs and pipes and with every invitation to acts of disobedience; and rally incite against them your cavalry and your infantry namely those who ride and walk in acts of disobedience and share with them in wealth that is illicit such as usury and extortion and children from acts of adultery and make promises to them’ to the effect that there will not be any resurrection or requital. And Satan promises them thereby nothing but delusion falsehood.

(2) Secondly, he had said if he was given respite till the day of Qiyamah, he will mislead the entire progeny of 'Adam, except a few of them. That Allah Ta’ ala has elected to answer in the later verses. He said that the Shaitan will have no control over His sincere servants even if he were to rally his entire forces against them and as for the insincere who fall into his trap, they will meet the same fate as his, all consigned to Hell. When this verse (64) mentions the horsemen and footmen of the Shaitanic army, it does not necessarily mean that the Shaitan actually has combat support in that formation. In fact, this is a manner of referring to the full force and power of the Shaitan. And if the Shaitan does have horsemen and footmen actually, even that too cannot be denied. Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Abbas ؓ said: Those who come out in support of disbelief and sin, horsemen or footmen, they are nothing but the army of the Shaitan. Now remains the question as to how the Shaitan came to know that he would succeed in enticing and misleading the progeny of 'Adam (علیہ السلام) ، the basis on which he claimed that he will subdue them. There are two possibilities. Perhaps, by looking at the ingredients that went into the making of man, he had gathered that man would be desire-prone and it would not be difficult to entice him successfully. And then, it is also not far out to believe that his very claim was nothing but a bland lie.

As for the sense of: وَشَارِ‌كْهُمْ فِي الْأَمْوَالِ وَالْأَوْلَادِ (and share with them in their wealth and their children - 64), Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Abbas ؓ said: Wealth and property acquired by false, impermissible and unlawful means or spent on what is haram is the sharing of the Shaitan in it. As for the sharing of the Shaitan in children, it could either be through illegitimacy, or by naming them like disbelievers and polytheists, or by indulging in polytheistic customs to ensure their security, or by taking to Haram sources of income to bring them up. (Qurtubi)