17:39 Al-Israa (The Night Journey)

{ ذَلِكَ } الذي بيناه ووضحناه من هذه الأحكام الجليلة، { مِمَّا أَوْحَى إِلَيْكَ رَبُّكَ مِنَ الْحِكْمَةِ } فإن الحكمة الأمر بمحاسن الأعمال ومكارم الأخلاق والنهي عن أراذل الأخلاق وأسوأ الأعمال. وهذه الأعمال المذكورة في هذه الآيات من الحكمة العالية التي أوحاها رب العالمين لسيد المرسلين في أشرف الكتب ليأمر بها أفضل الأمم فهي من الحكمة التي من أوتيها فقد أوتي خيرا كثيرا. ثم ختمها بالنهي عن عبادة غير الله كما افتتحها بذلك فقال: { وَلَا تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَهًا آخَرَ فَتُلْقَى فِي جَهَنَّمَ } أي: خالدا مخلدا فإنه من يشرك بالله فقد حرم الله عليه الجنة ومأواه النار. { مَلُومًا مَدْحُورًا } أي: قد لحقتك اللائمة واللعنة والذم من الله وملائكته والناس أجمعين.

يقول تعالى هذا الذي أمرناك به من الأخلاق الجميلة ونهيناك عنه من الصفات الرذيلة مما أوحينا إليك يا محمد لتأمر به الناس "ولا تجعل مع الله إلها آخر فتلقى في جهنم ملوما" أي تلومك نفسك ويلومك الله والخلق "مدحورا" أي مبعدا من كل خير قال ابن عباس وقتادة مطرودا والمراد من هذا الخطاب الأمة بواسطة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم فإنه صلوات الله وسلامه عليه معصوم.

Everything previously mentioned is Revelation and Wisdom

Allah says: `What We have commanded you to do is part of good manners, and what We have forbidden you are evil qualities. We have revealed this to you, O Muhammad, so that you may command the people likewise.'

وَلاَ تَجْعَلْ مَعَ اللَّهِ إِلَـهًا ءَاخَرَ فَتُلْقَى فِى جَهَنَّمَ مَلُومًا

(And set not up with Allah any other god lest you should be thrown into Hell, blameworthy) meaning, your own self will blame you, as will Allah and His creation.

مَّدْحُورًا

(rejected) means far removed from everything good. Ibn `Abbas and Qatadah said: "(It means) cast out." This is an address to the Ummah via the Messenger , for he is infallible.

This is part of the wisdom the admonition which your Lord has revealed to you O Muhammad (s). And do not set up with God any other god or you will be cast into Hell blameworthy abandoned banished from God’s mercy.

After having described details of the injunctions appearing above, it was said in the last verse: كُلُّ ذَٰلِكَ كَانَ سَيِّئُهُ عِندَ رَ‌بِّكَ مَكْرُ‌وهًا (That which is evil, of all these, is detestable in the sight of your Lord - 38).

As for what has been forbidden in the said injunctions, their repugnance is obvious. But, within these there are some commandments where rights of parents and relatives have been enjoined or fulfillment of promises has been made mandatory. Here too, the purpose is to avoid doing the opposite of it, like hurting parents, breaking off from relatives and going back on solemn promises. Since all these things are haram or reprehensible, therefore, it has been called 'makruh' in a general sense of 'detestable' which includes the haram and makruh both. (Bayan al-Qur an)

Note

The injunctions described in the fifteen verses cited above are, in a way, the explanation of the effort acceptable in the sight of Allah mentioned in: وَسَعَىٰ لَهَا سَعْيَهَا (and makes effort for it as due - 19). There it was said that not every effort is acceptable with Allah. Instead, the effort made in accordance with the Sunnah and teaching of the Holy Prophet ﷺ is the only one acceptable with Him. Main divisions of such acceptable effort have been mentioned in these injunctions which take up the rights of Allah first and then the rights of the servants of Allah.

A gist of Torah in fifteen verses

Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Abbas ؓ said that the commandments of the entire Torah have been reduced to fifteen verses of Surah Bani Isra'il. (Mazhari)