13:29 Ar-Ra'd (The Thunder)

ثم قال تعالى: { الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا وَعَمِلُوا الصَّالِحَاتِ } أي: آمنوا بقلوبهم بالله وملائكته، وكتبه ورسله واليوم الآخر، وصدقوا هذا الإيمان بالأعمال الصالحة، أعمال القلوب كمحبة الله وخشيته ورجائه، وأعمال الجوارح كالصلاة ونحوها، { طُوبَى لَهُمْ وَحُسْنُ مَآبٍ } أي: لهم حالة طيبة ومرجع حسن. وذلك بما ينالون من رضوان الله وكرامته في الدنيا والآخرة، وأن لهم كمال الراحة وتمام الطمأنينة، ومن جملة ذلك شجرة طوبى التي في الجنة، التي يسير الراكب في ظلها مائة عام ما يقطعها، كما وردت بها الأحاديث الصحيحة.

قال ابن أبي طلحة عن ابن عباس فرح وقرة عين. وقال عكرمة نعم مالهم وقال الضحاك غبطة لهم وقال إبراهيم النخعي خير لهم ; وقال قتادة هي كلمة عربية يقول الرجل طوبى لك أي أصبت خيرا وقال في رواية: طوبى لهم حسنى لهم " وحسن مآب " أي مرجع وهذه الأقوال شيء واحد لا مناقاة بينها وقال سعيد بن جبير عن ابن عباس " طوبى لهم " قال هي أرض الجنة بالحبشية وقال سعيد بن مسجوع طوبى اسم الجنة بالهندية وكذا روى السدي عن عكرمة طوبى لهم أي الجنة وبه قال مجاهد وقال العوفي عن ابن عباس لما خلق الله الجنة وفرغ منها قال " الذين آمنوا وعملوا الصالحات طوبى لهم وحسن مآب " وذلك حين أعجبته. وقال ابن جرير: حدثنا ابن حميد حدثنا يعقوب عن جعفر عن شهر بن حوشب قال: طوبى شجرة في الجنة كل شجر الجنة منها أغصانها من وراء سور الجنة وهكذا روي عن أبي هريرة وأبن عباس ومغيث بن سليمان وأبي إسحق السبيعي وغير واحد من السلف أن طوبى شجرة في الجنة في كل دار منها غصن منها وذكر بعضهم أن الرحمن تبارك وتعالى غرسها بيده من حبة لؤلؤة وأمرها أن تمتد فامتدت إلى حديث يشاء الله تبارك وتعالى وخرجت من أصلها ينابيع أنهار الجنة من عسل وخمر وماء ولبن وقد قال عبد الله بن وهب: حدثنا عمرو بن الحارث أن دراجا أبا السمح حدثه عن أبي الهيثم عن أبي سعيد الخدري مرفوعا " طوبى شجرة في الجنة مسيرة مائة سنة ثياب أهل الجنة تخرج من أكمامها ".وقال الإمام أحمد: حدثنا حسن بن موسى سمعت عبد الله بن لهيعة حدما دراج أبو السمح أن أبا الهيثم حدثه عن أبي سعيد الخدري عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أن رجلا قال: يا رسول الله طوبى ليمن رآك وآمن بك قال " طوبى لمن رآني وآمن بي وطوبى ثم طوبى ثم طوبى لمن آمن بي ولم يرني " قال له رجل: وما طوبى ؟ قال " شجرة في الجنة مسيرتها مائة عام ثياب أهل الجنة تخرج من أكمامها " وروى البخاري ومسلم جميعا عن إسحاق بن راهويه عن مغيرة المخزومي عن وهيب عن أبي حازم عن سهل بن سعد رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم قال " وإن في الجنة شجرة يسير الراكب في ظلها مائة عام لا يقطعها " قال فحدثت به النعمان بن أبي عياش الزرقي فقال: حدثني أبو سعيد الخدري عن النبي صلى الله عليه وعلى آله وسلم قال " إن في الجنة شجرة يسير الراكب الجواد المضمر السريع مائة عام لا يقطعها " وفي صحيح البخاري من حديث يزيد بن زريع عن سعيد عن قتادة عن أنس رضي الله عنه قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم فى قول الله تعالى " وظل ممدود " قال " في الجنة شجرة يسير الراكب في ظلها مائة عام لا يقطعها " وقال الإمام أحمد: حدثنا شريح حدثنا فلح عن هلال بن علي عن عبد الرحمن بن أبي عمرة عن أبي هريرة قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " في الجنة شجرة يسير الراكب في ظلها مائة سنة اقرءوا إن شئتم " وظل ممدود " أخرجاه في الصحيحين وفى لفظ لأحمد أيضا حدثنا محمد بن جعفر وحجاج قالا: حدثنا شعبة سمعت أبا الضحاك يحدث عن أبي هريرة عن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال " إن في الجنة شجرة يسير الراكب في ظلها سبعين - أو مائة سنة - هي شجرة الخلد " وقال محمد بن إسحاق عن يحيى بن عباد بن عبد الله بن الزبير عن أبيه عن أسماء بنت أبي بكر رضي الله عنه قالت: سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ذكر سدرة المنتهى فقال " يسير في ظل الغصن منها الراكب مائة سنة - أو قال - يستظل في الفنن منها مائة راكب فيها فراش الذهب كأن ثمرها القلال " رواه الترمذي.وقال إسماعيل بن عياش عن سعيد بن يوسف عن يحيى بن أبي كثير عن أبي سلام الأسود قال: سمعت أبا أمامة الباهلي قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم " ما منكم من أحد يدخل الجنة إلا انطلق به إلى طوبى فتفتح له أكمامها فيأخذ من أي ذلك شاء إن شاء أبيض وإن شاء أحمر وإن شاء أصفر وإن شاء أسود مثل شقائق النعمان وأرق وأحسن " وقال الإمام أبو جعفر بن جرير: حدثنا محمد بن عبد الأعلى حدثنا محمد بن ثور عن معمر عن أشعث بن عبد الله عن شهر بن حوشب عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه قال: طوبى شجرة فى الجنة يقول الله لها تفتقي لعبدي عما شاء فتفتق له عن الخيل بسروجها ولجمها وعن الإبل بأزمتها وعما شاء من الكسوة وقد روى ابن جرير عن وهب بن منبه ههنا أثرا غريبا عجيبا قال وهب رحمه الله: إن في الجنة شجرة يقال لها طوبى يسير الراكب في ظلها مائة عام لا يقطعها زهرها رياط وورقها برود وقضبانها عنبر وبطحاؤها ياقوت وترابها كافور ووحلها مسك يخرج من أصلها أنهار الخمر واللبن والعسل وهي مجلس لأهل الجنة فبينما هم في مجلسهم إذ أتتهم ملائكة من ربهم يقودون نجبا مزمومة بسلاسل من ذهب وجوهها كالمصابيح حسنا ووبرها كخز المرعزي من لينه عليها رحال ألواحها من ياقوت ودفوفها من ذهب وثيابها من سندس وإستبرق فيفتحونها يقولون إن ربنا أرسلنا إليكم لتزوروه وتسلموا عليه قال فيركبونها فهي أسرع من الطائر وأوطأ من الفراش نجبا من غير مهنة يسير الرجل إلى جنب أخيه وهو يكلمه ويناجيه لا تصيب أذن راحلة منها أذن الأخرى ولا برك راحلة برك الأخرى حتى إن الشجرة لتتنحى عن طريقهم لئلا تفرق بين الرجل وأخيه قال فيأتون إلى الرحمن الرحيم فيسفر لهم عن وجهه الكريم حتى ينظروا إليه فإذا رأوه قالوا: اللهم أنت السلام ومنك السلام وحق لك الجلال والإكرام قال فيقول تعالى عند ذلك: أنا السلام ومني السلام وعليكم حقت رحمتي ومحبتي مرحبا بعبادي الذين خشوني بغيب وأطاعوا أمري قال فيقولون ربنا لم نعبدك حق عبادتك ولم نقدرك حق قدرك فائذن لنا فى السجود قدامك قال فيقول الله إنها ليست بدار نصب ولا عبادة ولكنها دار ملك ونعيم وإني قد رفعت عنكم نصب العبادة فسلوني ما شئتم فإن لكل رجل منكم أمنيته فيسألونه حتى أن أقصرهم أمنية ليقول ربي تنافس أهل الدنيا في دنياهم فتضايقوا فيها رب فأتني مثل كل شيء كانوا فيه من يوم خلقتها إلى أن انتهت الدنيا فيقول الله تعالى لقد قصرت بك أمنيتك ولقد سألت دون منزلتك هذا لك مني لأنه ليس في عطائي نكد ولا قصر يد قال ثم يقول أعرضوا على عبادي ما لم يبلغ أمانيهم ولم يخطر لهم على بال قال فيعرضون عليهم حتى تقصر بهم أمانيهم التي في أنفسهم فيكون فيما يعرضون عليهم براذين مقرنة على كل أربعة منها سرير من ياقوته واحدة على كل سرير منها قبة من ذهب مفرغة في كل قبة منها فرش من فرش الجنة متظاهرة في كل قبة منها جاريتان من الحور العين على كل جارية منهن ثوبان من ثياب الجنة وليس في الجنة لون إلا وهو فيهما ولا ريح ولا طيب إلا قد عبق بهما ينفذ ضوء وجوههما غلظ القبة حتى يظن من يراهما أنهما دون القبة يرى مخهما من فوق سوقهما كالسلك الأبيض في ياقوتة حمراء يريان له من الفضل على صاحبه كفضل الشمس على الحجارة أو أفضل ويرى هو لهما مثل ذلك ويدخل إليهما فيحييانه ويقبلانه ويتعلقان به ويقولان له والله ما ظننا أن الله يخلق مثلك ثم يأمر الله تعالى الملائكة فيسيرون بهم صفا في الجنة حتى ينتهي كل رجل منهم إلى منزلته التي أعدت له وقد روى هذا الأثر ابن أبي حاتم بسنده عن وهب بن منبه وزاد فانظروا إلى موهوب ربكم الذي وهب لكم فإذا هو بقباب في الرفيق الأعلى وغرف مبنية من الدر والمرجان أبو أبهل من ذهب وسررها من ياقوت وفرشها من سندس وإستبرق ومنابرها من نور يفور من أبوابها وعراصها نور مثل شعاع الشمس عنده مثل الكوكب الدري في النهار المضيء وإذا بقصور شامخة في أعلى عليين من الياقوت يزهو نورها فلولا أنه مسخر إذا لالتمع الأبصار فما كان من تلك القصور من الياقوت الأبيض فهو مفروش بالحرير الأبيض وما كان فيها من الياقوت الأحمر فهو مفروش بالعبقري الأحمر وما كان فيها من الياقوت الأخضر فهو مفروش بالسندس الأخضر وما كان فيها من الياقوت الأصفر فهو مفروش بالأرجوان الأصفر مبوبة بالزمرد الأخضر والذهب الأحمر والفضة البيضاء قوائمها وأركانها من الجوهر وشرفها قباب من لؤلؤ وبروجها غرف من المرجان فلما انصرفوا إلى ما أعطاهم ربهم قربت لهم براذين من ياقوت أبيض منفوخ فيها الروح تجنبها الولدان المخلدون بيد كل وليد منهم حكمة برذون من تلك الراذين ولجمها وأعنتها من فضة بيضاء منظومة بالدر والياقوت سروجها سرر موضونة مفروشة بالسندس والإستبرق فانطلق بهم تلك الراذين تزف بهم ببطن رياض الجنة فلما انتهوا إلى منازلهم وجدوا الملائكة قعودا على منابر من نور ينتظرونهم ليزوروهم ويصافحوهم ويهنئوهم كرامة ربهم فلما دخلوا قصورهم وجدوا فيها جميع ما تطاول به عليهم وما سألوا وتمنوا وإذا على باب كل قصر من تلك القصور أربعة جنان: جنتان ذواتا أفنان وجنتان مدهامتان وفيهما عينان نضاختان وفيهما من كل فاكهة زوجان وحور مقصورات في الخيام فلما تبوءوا منازلهم واستقروا قرارهم قال لهم ربهم هل وجدتم ما وعد ربكم حقا قالوا نعم وربنا قال هل رضيتم ثواب ربكم ؟ قالوا ربنا رضينا فارض عنا قال برضاي عنكم حللتم داري ونظرتم إلى وجهي وصافحتكم ملائكتي فهنيئا هنيئا لكم " عطاء غير مجذوذ " ليس فيه تنغيص ولا قصر يد فعند ذلك قالوا الحمد لله الذي أذهب عنا الحزن وأدخلنا دار المقامة من فضله لا يمسنا فيها نصب ولا يمسنا فيها لغوب.إن ربنا لغفور شكور.وهذا سياق غريب وأثر عجيب ولبعضه شواهد ففي الصحيحين أن الله تعالى يقول لذلك الرجل الذي يرون آخر أهل الجنة دخولا الجنة: تمن فيتمنى حتى إذا انتهت به الأماني يقول الله تعالى: تمن من كذا وتمن من كذا يذكره ثم يقول ذلك لك وعشرة أمثاله. وفي صحيح مسلم عن أبي ذر عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم عن الله عز وجل "يا عبادي لو أن أولكم وآخركم وإنسكم وجنكم قاموا في صعيد واحد فسألوني فأعطيت كل إنسان مسألته ما نقص ذلك من ملكي شيئا إلا كما ينقص المحيط إذا أدخل في البحر " الحديث بطوله وقال خالد بن معدان إن في الجنة شجرة يقال لها طوبى لها ضروع كلها ترضع صبيان أهل الجنة وإن سقط المرأة يكون في نهر من أنهار الجنة يتقلب فيه حتى تقوم القيامة فيبعث ابن أربعين سنة رواه ابن أبي حاتم.

Disbelievers ask for Miracles, Allah's Response to Them

Allah says that the idolators said,

لَوْلاَ

(Why is not), meaning, there should be,

أُنزِلَ عَلَيْهِ ءَايَةٌ مِّن رَّبِّهِ

(a sign sent down to him from his Lord) The idolators also said,

فَلْيَأْتِنَا بِـَايَةٍ كَمَآ أُرْسِلَ الاٌّوَّلُونَ

(Let him then bring us an Ayah like the ones (Prophets) that were sent before (with signs)!) 21:5 We mentioned this subject several times before and stated that Allah is able to bring them what they wanted. There is a Hadith which mentions that the idolators asked the Prophet to turn Mount As-Safa into gold and, they also asked him for a spring to gush forth for them and to remove the mountains from around Makkah and replace them with green fields and gardens. Allah revealed to His Messenger : "If You wish, O Muhammad, I will give them what they asked for. However, if they disbelieve thereafter, I will punish them with a punishment that I did not punish any among the `Alamin (mankind and the Jinns). Or, if you wish, I will open for them the door to repentance and mercy." The Prophet said,

«بَلْ تَفْتَحُ لَهُمْ بَابَ التَّوبَةِ وَالرَّحْمَة»

(Rather, open for them the door to repentance and mercy.) This is why Allah said to His Messenger next,

قُلْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُضِلُّ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهْدِى إِلَيْهِ مَنْ أَنَابَ

(Say: "Verily, Allah sends astray whom He wills and guides unto Himself those who turn to Him in repentance.") Allah states that He brings misguidance or guidance whether the Messenger ﷺ was given a sign (a miracle) according to their asking or not. Verily, earning the misguidance or the guidance are not connected to the miracles or the lack of them. Allah said in other Ayat, f

وَمَا تُغْنِى الآيَـتُ وَالنُّذُرُ عَن قَوْمٍ لاَّ يُؤْمِنُونَ

(But neither Ayat nor warners benefit those who believe not.) 10:101

إِنَّ الَّذِينَ حَقَّتْ عَلَيْهِمْ كَلِمَةُ رَبِّكَ لاَ يُؤْمِنُونَ - وَلَوْ جَآءَتْهُمْ كُلُّ ءايَةٍ حَتَّى يَرَوُاْ الْعَذَابَ الاٌّلِيمَ

(Truly, those, against whom the Word of your Lord has been justified, will not believe. Even if every sign should come to them, until they see the painful torment.)10:96-97, and,

وَلَوْ أَنَّنَا نَزَّلْنَآ إِلَيْهِمُ الْمَلَـئِكَةَ وَكَلَّمَهُمُ الْمَوْتَى وَحَشَرْنَا عَلَيْهِمْ كُلَّ شَىْءٍ قُبُلاً مَّا كَانُواْ لِيُؤْمِنُواْ إِلاَّ أَن يَشَآءَ اللَّهُ وَلَـكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ يَجْهَلُونَ

(And even if We had sent down unto them angels, and the dead had spoken unto them, and We had gathered together all things before their very eyes, they would not have believed, unless Allah willed, but most of them behave ignorantly.) 6:111 Allah said here,

قُلْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُضِلُّ مَن يَشَآءُ وَيَهْدِى إِلَيْهِ مَنْ أَنَابَ

(Say: "Verily, Allah sends astray whom He wills and guides unto Himself those who turn to Him in repentance.") meaning, He guides to Him those who repent, turn to Him, beg Him, seek His help and humbly submit to Him.

The Believer's Heart finds Comfort in the Remembrance of Allah

Allah said,

الَّذِينَ ءَامَنُواْ وَتَطْمَئِنُّ قُلُوبُهُمْ بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ

(Those who believed, and whose hearts find rest in the remembrance of Allah.) for their hearts find comfort on the side of Allah, become tranquil when He is remembered and pleased to have Him as their Protector and Supporter. So Allah said,

أَلاَ بِذِكْرِ اللَّهِ تَطْمَئِنُّ الْقُلُوبُ

(Verily, in the remembrance of Allah do hearts find rest.) and surely, He is worthy of it.

The Meaning of Tuba

Allah said,

الَّذِينَ آمَنُواْ وَعَمِلُواْ الصَّـلِحَاتِ طُوبَى لَهُمْ وَحُسْنُ مَـَابٍ

(Those who believed, and work righteousness, Tuba is for them and a beautiful place of (final) return.) `Ali bin Abi Talhah reported that Ibn `Abbas said that Tuba means, "Happiness and comfort or refreshment of the eye." `Ikrimah said that Tuba means, "How excellent is what they earned," while Ad-Dahhak said, "A joy for them." Furthermore, Ibrahim An-Nakh`i said that Tuba means, "Better for them," while Qatadah said that it is an Arabic word that means, `you have earned a good thing.' In another narration, Qatadah said that `Tuba for them' means, "It is excellent for them,"

وَحُسْنُ مَـَابٍ

(and a beautiful place of return.) and final destination. These meanings for Tuba are all synonymous and they do not contradict one another. Imam Ahmad recorded that Abu Sa'id Al-Khudri said that a man asked, "O Allah's Messenger! Tuba for those who saw you and believed in you!" The Prophet said,

«طُوبَى لِمَنْ رَآنِي وَآمَنَ بِي، وَطُوبَى ثُمَّ طُوبَى ثُمَّ طُوبَى لِمَنْ آمَنَ بِي وَلَمْ يَرَنِي»

(Tuba is for he who saw me and believed in me. Tuba, and another Tuba, and another Tuba for he who believed in me, but did not see me.) A man asked, "What is Tuba" The Prophet said,

«شَجَرَةٌ فِي الْجَنَّةِ مَسِيرَتُهَا مِائَةُ عَامٍ ثِيَابُ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّةِ تَخْرُجُ مِنْ أَكْمَامِهَا»

(A tree in Paradise whose width is a hundred years, and the clothes of the people of Paradise are taken from its bark.) Al-Bukhari and Muslim recorded that Sahl bin Sa`d said that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ شَجَرَةً يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ فِي ظِلِّهَا مِائَةَ عَامٍ لَا يَقْطَعُهَا»

(There is a tree in Paradise, if a rider travels in its shade for one hundred years, he would not be able to cross it.) An-Nu`man bin Abi `Ayyash Az-Zuraqi added, "Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri narrated to me that the Prophet said,

«إِنَّ فِي الْجَنَّةِ شَجَرَةً يَسِيرُ الرَّاكِبُ الْجَوَادَ الْمُضَمَّرَ السَّرِيعَ مِائَةَ عَامٍ مَا يَقْطَعُهَا»

(There is a tree in Paradise, if a rider travels in its shade on a fast, sleek horse for one hundred years, he would not be able to cross it.)" In his Sahih, Imam Muslim recorded that Abu Dharr narrated that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said that Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,

«يَا عِبَادِي لَوْ أَنَّ أَوَّلَكُمْ وَآخِرَكُمْ وَإِنْسَكُمْ وَجِنَّكُمْ قَامُوا فِي صَعِيدٍ وَاحِدٍ فَسَأَلُونِي فَأَعْطَيْتُ كُلَّ إِنْسَانٍ مَسْأَلَتَهُ مَا نَقَصَ ذَلِكَ مِنْ مُلْكِي شَيْئًا إِلَّا كَمَا يَنْقُصُ الْمِخْيَطُ إِذَا أُدْخِلَ فِي الْبَحْر»

(O My slaves! If the first and the last among you, mankind and Jinns among you, stood in one spot and asked Me and I gave each person what he asked, it will not decrease from My dominion, except what the needle decreases (or carries) when entered into the sea.) Khalid bin Ma`ddan said, "There is a tree in Paradise called Tuba, that has breasts that nurse the children of the people of Paradise. Verily, the miscarriage of a woman will be swimming in one of the rivers of Paradise until the Day of Resurrection commences, when he will be gathered with people while forty years of age." Ibn Abi Hatim collected this statement.

كَذَلِكَ أَرْسَلْنَاكَ فِى أُمَّةٍ قَدْ خَلَتْ مِن قَبْلِهَآ أُمَمٌ لِّتَتْلُوَ عَلَيْهِمُ الَّذِى أَوْحَيْنَآ إِلَيْكَ وَهُمْ يَكْفُرُونَ بِالرَّحْمَـنِ قُلْ هُوَ رَبِّى لا إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ عَلَيْهِ تَوَكَّلْتُ وَإِلَيْهِ مَتَابِ

those who believe and perform righteous deeds alladhīna āmanū wa-‘amilū’l-sālihāt is the subject the predicate of which is the following theirs shall be blessedness tūbā is a verbal noun derived from tīb ‘goodness’ or the name of a tree in Paradise whose shade a mounted traveller travelling for 100 years would still not traverse and a fair resort a fair place to return to.

Commentary

At the beginning of the section, human beings were divided into two kinds - those who are obedient to Allah Ta’ ala and those who are disobedient to Him. Then, enumerated there were some attributes and signs of the obedient servants of Allah and mention was made of the best of rewards for them in the Hereafter.

Now, in the present verses, stated there are the attributes and signs, and punishments, of the other kind of people. One trait of character these disobedient and contumacious people have been reported to have الَّذِينَ يَنقُضُونَ عَهْدَ اللَّـهِ مِن بَعْدِ مِيثَاقِهِ (And those who break [ their ] pledge with Allah after it has been made binding). Included here is the pledge out of the pledges given to Allah concerning His unshared Lordship and Oneness by all spirits created by Him. The disbelievers and polytheists broke this pledge when they came into this world and consequently took to hundreds and thousands of lords and objects of worship all joined up with the pristine divinity of Allah Ta` ala.

And also included here are all pledges faithfulness to which becomes binding on human beings as part of the great pledge of: لا إلہ إلا اللہ (There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah). The reason is that the Kalimah Tayyibah, that is: لا إلہ إلا اللہ محمد الرسول اللہ ( La' Ilaha Illallahu Muliammadur Rasulullah : There is no deity worthy of worship except Allah - Muhammad is the messenger of Allah) is, indeed, the symbol of a great pledge under which fall the obedience to all injunctions and rules of conduct taught by Allah Ta’ ala and His Messenger, and it also covers the pledge to abstain from things which have been prohibited. Therefore, when a human being deviates from any injunction made binding by Allah or deviates from the command given by His Messenger, he or she commits a breach of trust by breaking this pledge to have faith.

The second trait of these disobedient people has been identified as: وَيَقْطَعُونَ مَا أَمَرَ‌ اللَّـهُ بِهِ أَن يُوصَلَ (and cut off relations Allah has commanded to be joined). Included here is the relationship human beings have with Allah Ta` a1a and His Messenger, may peace be upon him, and the blessings of Allah. The cutting of this relationship simply means the contravention of their commands. And, of course, included here are connections based on relationships the maintenance of which and the fulfillment of whose rights has been stressed upon time and again in the Holy Qur’ an.

Those who disobey Allah Ta` ala would not hesitate in sundering even these relations and rights built around them - for instance, they would not fulfill the rights of their mother, father, brother, sister, neighbour, and others in that category while they are rights which must be fulfilled by all human beings as commanded by Allah Ta` ala and His Messenger.

The third trait of such people has been stated as: (and make mischief on the earth). This third trait is actually the outcome of the first two, that is, they disregard pledges given, whether given to Allah or to His servants, just have no consideration of anyone's rights or relationships. It is obvious that such deeds of these people will cause pain and loss to others, even become the cause of mutual fighting and killing. This is the worst 'Fasad' or disorder or mischief they inflict on this earth.

After having described these three traits of the disobedient and contumacious people, the punishment identified for them is: أُولَـٰئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ (those are the ones for whom there is the curse, and for them there is the evil abode). The word: اللَّعْنَةُ (al-la'nah: translated here as 'curse' ) means to be removed far away from the mercy of Allah, and become deprived of it. And it goes without saying that being far removed from His mercy is the most punishing of all punishments and certainly the hardest of all hardships.

Injunctions and Rules of Guidance

Special injunctions and rules of guidance concerning many departments of human life appear in the verses 20 to 24. Either explicit or implied, they are as follows:

1. From: الَّذِينَ يُوفُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّـهِ وَلَا يَنقُضُونَ الْمِيثَاقَ those who fulfill [ their ] pledge with Allah and do not break the covenant - 20) it stands established that abiding by a pledge given or contract made with someone is a binding obligation which must be fulfilled, and any contravention of which is حَرَام Haram (forbidden, unlawful) - whether that pledge be related to Allah and His Messenger ﷺ ، as the pledge of Faith and the pledge to maintain re-lationships with those created by Allah, or it may be a pledge related to any Muslim or Kafir. Pledge-Breaking is حَرَام Haram under all conditions.

2. From: وَالَّذِينَ يَصِلُونَ مَا أَمَرَ‌ اللَّـهُ بِهِ أَن يُوصَلَ (and those who maintain the relations Allah has commanded to be maintained - 21) we learn that Islam does not teach abandonment of relationships in some monastic manner. Instead of that, maintaining necessary relations and fulfilling their due rights has been made necessary in Islam. As for the rights of parents, children, wife, sisters, brothers and the rights of other relatives and neighbours, these have been made obligatory by Allah Ta ala on every human being. They cannot be ignored in favour of voluntary acts of worship, not even to devote time for some religious service needed by the community. This is not permissible. How could it become permissible to forget them and get busy doing other things?

As for maintaining the bonds of family relationships, taking care of them, and fulfilling their due rights, these have been stressed upon in many verses of the Holy Qur an.

In a Hadith of Al-Bukhari and Muslim based on a narration of Sayyidna Anas ؓ ، it has been reported that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said: A person who hopes to have extended means of living and barakah in things done must maintain relations (Silatur-Rahim). It simply means that one should take care of those he is closely related with and help and support them within personal capability.

And Sayyidna Abu Ayyub al-Ansari ؓ says that a rustic Arab villager called upon the Holy Prophet ﷺ at his home and asked him: 'Just tell me what should I do to come closer to Paradise and stay away from Hell.' He said: 'Worship Allah. Take no partners with Him. Establish Salah. Give Zakah. And maintain relations.' (Al-Baghawi)

According to a narration of Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Umar ؓ appearing in the Sahih of al-Bukhari, the Holy Prophet ﷺ has been reported to have said: 'Silatur-Rahim' (maintaining relations) does not simply mean that you return the favour done by a relative, that is, if he has done a favour to you, you do a favour to him. Instead, real Silatur-Rahim (the ideal form of maintaining relations) is that even if your relative fails to maintain relations with you, yet you, on your part, only for the sake of Allah, maintain relations with him, and do favours to him.'

It was due to the importance of fulfilling the rights of relatives and maintaining relations with them that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said: 'Preserve your family trees through which you would preserve your family ties and you would be able to fulfill their rights.' Then he said: 'This rule of maintaining relations has its advantages. It generates mutual love, puts barakah in wealth which increases, and puts barakah in years of life too.' (Tirmidhi)

It appears in a IIadith of Sahih Muslim that the Holy Prophet ﷺ said: 'Most commendable is the act of maintaining relations when a person maintains the same relations with the friends of his dead father, as they were during his lifetime.

3. The statement: وَالَّذِينَ صَبَرُ‌وا ابْتِغَاءَ وَجْهِ رَ‌بِّهِمْ (in order to seek the pleasure of their Lord - 22) makes us realize that the merits of Sabr (patience) which have appeared in the Qur’ an and Hadith and which tell us that the patient person has the good fortune of having Allah Ta’ a1a with him, and of His help and support, and that countless returns and rewards wait for him or her. But, all this happens only when one observes patience for the good pleasure of Allah Ta` ala - otherwise, everyone reaches a point in time when, sooner or later, one gets to become reconciled to his or her lot.

As explained earlier, the real meaning of Sabr (translated here as 'to observe patience' ) is to control one's self and remain steadfast which can take different forms. First of all, one should observe patience, not become upset under the stress of hardship and pain, not become disappointed, rather keep Allah Ta ala in sight and keep hoping. Secondly, one should observe patience in carrying out acts of obedience to Allah in a way that one remains sure of staying on that track steadfastly, even if the adherence to Divine injunctions appears to be hard on one's self. Thirdly, one should observe patience against what is evil and sinful - even if the desiring self demands that the road to evil be taken, but one should resist and refuse to take the road to evil because of the fear of Allah.

4. From: وَأَنفَقُوا مِمَّا رَ‌زَقْنَاهُمْ سِرًّ‌ا وَعَلَانِيَةً (and spend from what We have given to them secretly and openly - 22), we learn that spending in the way of Allah secretly and openly is correct whichever way it is done. However, it is better that obligatory charities (wajib sadaqat) such as Zakh and Sadaqatul-Fitr etc., be paid openly so that other Muslim are also prompted to do the same. As for voluntary charities (nafl sadaqat) which are not obligatory should be paid secretly so that one can stay safe from scruples of hypocrisy and pulls of recognition.

5. The statement: يَدْرَ‌ءُونَ بِالْحَسَنَةِ السَّيِّئَةَ (and repel evil with good) tells us that getting rid of evil is certainly a rational and physical imperative, but evil for evil is not the method practiced in Islam. Instead, the teaching of Islam is: Repel evil with good. Whoever has inflicted injustice upon you, on your part you deal with him justly. Whoever has not fulfilled your due right, on your part you fulfill his right. Whoever releases his anger on you, on your part you respond to him with forbearance and tolerance. The inevitable result of this pattern of response would be that enemies would turn into friends and the wicked into the righteous before you.

Another sense of this sentence is that one should make amends for a sin by performing an act of obedience, that is, if you ever get to commit some sin, repent immediately and then get busy with the ` Ibadah of Allah Ta` ala. This will cause your past sin to be forgiven.

As reported by Sayyidna Abu Dharr al-Ghifari ؓ ، the Holy Prophet ﷺ said: When a sin happens to have been committed by you, follow it up with a good deed. This will wash that sin off (narrated by Ahmad with sound authority, Mazhari). The condition attached to this good deed is that one must first repent from the past sin and then do the good deed.

Said in the next verse (23) is: جَنَّاتُ عَدْنٍ يَدْخُلُونَهَا وَمَن صَلَحَ مِنْ آبَائِهِمْ وَأَزْوَاجِهِمْ وَذُرِّ‌يَّاتِهِمْ. It means that servants of Allah who are righteous and accepted will certainly have the honour of being in Jannah, and it will be in consideration of them that their parents, wives and children will also share the honour with them. However, the condition is that these people should be righteous, that is, believers and Muslims - not Kafir, though not at par with such pious elder in their good deeds. But, because of the barakah of this pious elder, Allah Ta’ ala shall make these people reach the same station in Paradise which is the station of this pious elder as said in another verse: أَلْحَقْنَا بِهِمْ ذُرِّ‌يَّتَهُمْ that is, 'We shall make the progeny of Our righteous servants be with them - 52:21'

This tells us that relationship with pious elders, whether of lineage, kinship or friendship, shall be of benefit in the Hereafter as well - of course, subject to the condition of 'Iman (Faith).

6. From verse 24: سَلَامٌ عَلَيْكُم بِمَا صَبَرْ‌تُمْ ۚ فَنِعْمَ عُقْبَى الدَّارِ‌ (Peace be upon you for the patience you observed. So, good is the ultimate abode) we find out that the salvation of the Hereafter and the high ranks of the Paradise are all the outcome of man's patient handling of the trials of life in this mortal world where he keeps insisting on fulfilling all rights of Allah Ta ala and His servants due on him or her and keeps compelling one's de-siring self to abstain from acting disobediently to Him.

Finally, if we consider the statement in verse 25, that is: أُولَـٰئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ (those are the ones for whom there is the curse, and for them there is the evil abode), we would recall that verses previous to it told us about the reward of His obedient servants - that their home will be in Paradise, angels would greet them with Salam, and tell them that the eternal blessings of Paradise are the direct result of their patience, fortitude and obedience. Similarly, in the verse cited above, announced is the end of the disobedient and the contumacious - that they are under the curse of Allah, that is, they are far removed from His mercy and that they have waiting for them an evil abode in Hell. This helps us realize that the breaking of pledges given and the severance of the bonds of kinship is the cause of Divine curse and consignment to Hell. May Allah keep all of us protected from such a fate.