12:37 Yusuf (Joseph)

فـ { قَالَ } لهما مجيبا لطلبتهما: { لَا يَأْتِيكُمَا طَعَامٌ تُرْزَقَانِهِ إِلَّا نَبَّأْتُكُمَا بِتَأْوِيلِهِ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَأْتِيَكُمَا } أي: فلتطمئن قلوبكما، فإني سأبادر إلى تعبير رؤياكما، فلا يأتيكما غداؤكما، أو عشاؤكما، أول ما يجيء إليكما، إلا نبأتكما بتأويله قبل أن يأتيكما. ولعل يوسف عليه الصلاة والسلام قصد أن يدعوهما إلى الإيمان في هذه الحال التي بدت حاجتهما إليه، ليكون أنجع لدعوته، وأقبل لهما. ثم قال: { ذَلِكُمَا } التعبير الذي سأعبره لكما { مِمَّا عَلَّمَنِي رَبِّي } أي: هذا من علم الله علمنيه وأحسن إليَّ به، وذلك { إِنِّي تَرَكْتُ مِلَّةَ قَوْمٍ لَا يُؤْمِنُونَ بِاللَّهِ وَهُمْ بِالْآخِرَةِ هُمْ كَافِرُونَ } والترك كما يكون للداخل في شيء ثم ينتقل عنه، يكون لمن لم يدخل فيه أصلًا. فلا يقال: إن يوسف كان من قبل، على غير ملة إبراهيم.

يخبرهما يوسف عليه أنهما مهما رأيا في منامهما من حلم فإنه عارف بتفسيره ويخبرهما بتأويله قبل وقوعه ولهذا قال " لا يأتيكما طعام ترزقانه إلا فبأتكما بتأويله " قال مجاهد يقول " لا يأتيكما طعام ترزقانه " في يومكما " إلا نبأتكما بتأويله قبل أن يأتيكما " وكذا قال السدي وقال ابن أبي حاتم رحمه الله حدثنا علي بن الحسين حدثنا محمد بن العلاء حدثنا محمد بن يزيد شيخ له ثنا رشدين عن الحسن بن ثوبان عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس قال: ما أدري لعل يوسف عليه السلام كان يعتاف وهو كذلك لأني أجد في كتاب الله حين قال للرجلين " لا يأتيكما طعام ترزقانه إلا نبأتكما بتأويله " قال إذا جاءكم الطعام حلوا أو مرا اعتاف عند ذلك ثم قال ابن عباس: إنما علم فعلم وهذا أمر غريب ثم قال وهذا إنما هو من تعليم الله إياي لأني اجتنبت ملة الكافرين بالله واليوم الآخر فلا يرجون ثوابا ولا عقابا في المعاد.

Yusuf calls His Jail Mates to Tawhid even before He interprets Their Dreams

Yusuf, peace be upon him, told the two men that he has knowledge in the interpretation of whatever they saw in their dream, and that he will tell them about the interpretation of the dreams before they become a reality. This is why he said,

لاَ يَأْتِيكُمَا طَعَامٌ تُرْزَقَانِهِ إِلاَّ نَبَّأْتُكُمَا بِتَأْوِيلِهِ

(No food will come to you as your provision, but I will inform you of its interpretation) Mujahid commented,

لاَ يَأْتِيكُمَا طَعَامٌ تُرْزَقَانِهِ

(No food will come to you as your provision,) this day,

إِلاَّ نَبَّأْتُكُمَا بِتَأْوِيلِهِ قَبْلَ أَن يَأْتِيَكُمَا

(but I will inform you of its interpretation before it comes.) As-Suddi said similarly. Yusuf said that, this knowledge is from Allah Who taught it to me, because I shunned the religion of those who disbelieve in Him and the Last Day, who neither hope for Allah's reward nor fear His punishment on the Day of Return,

وَاتَّبَعْتُ مِلَّةَ ءَابَآءِي إِبْرَهِيمَ وَإِسْحَـقَ وَيَعْقُوبَ

(And I have followed the religion of my fathers, - Ibrahim, Ishaq and Ya`qub) Yusuf said, `I have avoided the way of disbelief and polytheism, and followed the way of these honorable Messengers,' may Allah's peace and blessings be on them. This, indeed, is the way of he who seeks the path of guidance and follows the way of the Messengers, all the while shunning the path of deviation. It is he whose heart Allah will guide, teaching him what he did not know beforehand. It is he whom Allah will make an Imam who is imitated in the way of righteousness, and a caller to the path of goodness. Yusuf said next,

مَا كَانَ لَنَآ أَن نُّشْرِكَ بِاللَّهِ مِن شَىْءٍ ذلِكَ مِن فَضْلِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْنَا وَعَلَى النَّاسِ

(and never could we attribute any partners whatsoever to Allah. This is from the grace of Allah to us and to mankind,) this Tawhid -Monotheism-, affirming that there is no deity worthy of worship except Allah alone without partners,

مِن فَضْلِ اللَّهِ عَلَيْنَا

(is from the grace of Allah to us), He has revealed it to us and ordained it on us,

وَعَلَى النَّاسِ

(and to mankind,), to whom He has sent us as callers to Tawhid,

وَلَـكِنَّ أَكْثَرَ النَّاسِ لاَ يَشْكُرُونَ

(but most men thank not.) they do not admit Allah's favor and blessing of sending the Messengers to them, but rather,

بَدَّلُواْ نِعْمَتَ اللَّهِ كُفْرًا وَأَحَلُّواْ قَوْمَهُمْ دَارَ الْبَوَارِ

(Have changed the blessings of Allah into disbelief, and caused their people to dwell in the house of destruction.) 14:28

He said to them both in order to inform them that he knew how to interpret dreams ‘The food with which you are provided shall not come to you while you are asleep but I shall tell you the interpretation thereof while you are conscious before it the interpretation thereof comes to you. This is from that which my Lord has taught me — herein is an incitement for them to believe which he reinforces with the following words Lo! I have forsaken the creed the religion of a folk who do not believe in God and who moreover hum ‘they’ is repeated for emphasis are disbelievers in the Hereafter.

ذَٰلِكُمَا مِمَّا عَلَّمَنِي رَ‌بِّي (This is of the knowledge my Lord has given me). He is saying that this has nothing to do with the art of divination through computation of figures and lines (Um al-jafr and 'am al-raml - not Jafar and Ramal, soothsaying or any other occult act of conjuring). Instead of all that, this is what my Rabb tells me - and I pass on the information. And this was an open miracle which is proof positive of prophethood and a major cause of confidence.