114:2 An-Naas (Mankind)

وهذه السورة مشتملة على الاستعاذة برب الناس ومالكهم وإلههم، من الشيطان الذي هو أصل الشرور كلها ومادتها، الذي من فتنته وشره، أنه يوسوس في صدور الناس، فيحسن [لهم] الشر، ويريهم إياه في صورة حسنة، وينشط إرادتهم لفعله، ويقبح لهم الخير ويثبطهم عنه، ويريهم إياه في صورة غير صورته، وهو دائمًا بهذه الحال يوسوس ويخنس أي: يتأخر إذا ذكر العبد ربه واستعان على دفعه.فينبغي له أن [يستعين و] يستعيذ ويعتصم بربوبية الله للناس كلهم.وأن الخلق كلهم، داخلون تحت الربوبية والملك، فكل دابة هو آخذ بناصيتها.وبألوهيته التي خلقهم لأجلها، فلا تتم لهم إلا بدفع شر عدوهم، الذي يريد أن يقتطعهم عنها ويحول بينهم وبينها، ويريد أن يجعلهم من حزبه ليكونوا من أصحاب السعير، والوسواس كما يكون من الجن يكون من الإنس، ولهذا قال: { مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ } .

هذه ثلاث صفات من صفات الرب عز وجل الربوبية والملك والإلهية فهو رب كل شيء ومليكه وإلهه فجميع الأشياء مخلوقة له مملوكة عبيد له فأمر المستعيذ أن يتعوذ بالمتصف بهذه الصفات من شر الوسواس الخناس وهو الشيطان الموكل بالإنسان فإنه ما من أحد من بني آدم إلا وله قرين يزين له الفواحش ولا يألوه جهدا في الخيال. والمعصوم من عصمه الله وقد ثبت في الصحيح أنه "ما منكم من أحد إلا قد وكل به قرينه" قالوا وأنت يا رسول الله قال "نعم إلا أن الله أعانني عليه فأسلم فلا يأمرني إلا بخير". وثبت في الصحيحين عن أنس فى قصة زيارة صفية للنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم وهو معتكف وخروجه معها ليلا ليردها إلى منزلها فلقيه رجلان من الأنصار فلما رأيا النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم أسرعا فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "على رسلكما إنها صفية بنت حيي" فقالا سبحان الله يا رسول الله فقال "إن الشيطان يجري من ابن آدم مجرى الدم وإني خشيت أن يقذف في قلوبكما شيئا - أو قال شرا. وقال الحافظ أبو يعلى الموصلي حدثنا محمد بن بحر حدثنا عدي بن أبي عمارة حدثنا زياد النميري عن أنس بن مالك قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "إن الشيطان واضع خطمه على قلب ابن آدم فإن ذكر الله خنس وإن نسي التقم قلبه فذلك الوسواس الخناس" غريب. وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا محمد بن جعفر حدثنا شعبة عن عاصم سمعت أبا تميمة يحدث عن رديف رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال عثر بالنبي صلى الله عليه وسلم حماره فقلت تعس الشيطان فقال النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم "لا تقل تعس الشيطان فإنك إذا قلت تعس الشيطان تعاظم وقال بقوتي صرعته وإذا قلت بسم الله تصاغر حتى يصير مثل الذباب" تفرد به أحمد إسناده جيد قوي وفيه دلالة على أن القلب متى ذكر الله تصاغر الشيطان وغلب وإن لم يذكر الله تعاظم وغلب. وقال الإمام أحمد حدثنا أبو بكر الحنفي حدثنا الضحاك بن عثمان عن سعيد المقبري عن أبي هريرة قال: قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم "إن أحدكم إن كان في المسجد جاء الشيطان فالتبس به كما يلتبس الرجل بدابته فإذا سكن له زنقه أو ألجمه" قال أبو هريرة وأنتم ترون ذلك أما المزنوق فتراه مائلا كذا لا يذكر الله وأما الملجم ففاتح فاه لا يذكر الله عز وجل تفرد به أحمد.

Which was revealed in Makkah

بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الرَّحْمَـنِ الرَّحِيمِ

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.

These are three attributes from the attributes of the Lord, the Mighty and Majestic. They are lordship, sovereignty and divinity. Thus, He is the Lord of everything, the King of everything and the God of everything. All things are created by Him, owned by Him, and subservient to Him. Therefore, He commands whoever is seeking protection to seek refuge with the One Who has these attributes from the evil of the whisperer who withdraws. This (the whisperer) is the devil that is assigned to man. For verily, there is not any of the Children of Adam except that he has a companion that beautifies wicked deeds for him. This devil will go to any lengths to confuse and confound him. The only person who is safe is He Whom Allah protects.

It is confirmed in the Sahih that he (the Prophet ) said,

«مَا مِنْكُمْ مِنْ أَحَدٍ إِلَّا قَدْ وُكِّلَ بِهِ قَرِينُهُ»

(There is not a single one of you except that his companion (a devil) has been assigned to him.) They (the Companions) said, "What about you, O Messenger of Allah" He replied,

«نَعَمْ، إِلَّا أَنَّ اللهَ أَعَانَنِي عَلَيْهِ فَأَسْلَمَ، فَلَا يَأْمُرُنِي إِلَّا بِخَيْرٍ»

(Yes. However, Allah has helped me against him and he has accepted Islam. Thus, he only commands me to do good.) It is also confirmed in the Two Sahihs from Anas, who reported the story of Safiyyah when she came to visit the Prophet while he was performing I`tikaf, that he went out with her during the night to walk her back to her house. So, two men from the Ansar met him (on the way). When they saw the Prophet , they began walking swiftly. So, the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said,

«عَلَى رِسْلِكُمَا، إِنَّهَا صَفِيَّةُ بِنْتُ حُيَيَ»

(Slow down! This is Safiyyah bint Huyay!) They said, "Glory be to Allah, O Messenger of Allah!" He said,

«إِنَّ الشَّيْطَانَ يَجْرِي مِنِ ابْنِ آدَمَ مَجْرَى الدَّم، وَإِنِّي خَشِيتُ أَنْ يَقْذِفَ فِي قُلُوبِكُمَا شَيْئًا، أَوْ قَالَ: شَرًّا»

(Verily, Shaytan runs in the Son of Adam like the running of the blood. And verily, I feared that he might cast something into your hearts -- or he said -- evil.) Sa`id bin Jubayr reported that Ibn `Abbas said concerning Allah's statement,

الْوَسْوَاسِ الْخَنَّاسِ

(The whisperer (Al-Waswas) who withdraws.) "The devil who is squatting (perched) upon the heart of the Son of Adam. So when he becomes absentminded and heedless he whispers. Then, when he remembers Allah he withdraws." Mujahid and Qatadah also said this.

Al-Mu`tamir bin Sulayman reported that his father said, "It has been mentioned to me that Shaytan is Al-Waswas. He blows into the heart of the Son of Adam when he is sad and when he is happy. But when he (man) remembers Allah, Shaytan withdraws." Al-`Awfi reported from Ibn `Abbas;

الْوَسْوَاسِ

(The whisperer.) "He is Shaytan. He whispers and then when he is obeyed, he withdraws." As for Allah's saying;

الَّذِى يُوَسْوِسُ فِى صُدُورِ النَّاسِ

(Who whispers in the breasts of An-Nas.) Is this specific for the Children of Adam as is apparent, or is it general, including both mankind and Jinns

There are two views concerning this. This is because they (the Jinns) are also included in the usage of the word An-Nas (the people) in most cases.

Ibn Jarir said, "The phrase Rijalun min Al-Jinn (Men from the Jinns) has been used in reference to them, so it is not strange for the word An-Nas to be applied to them also." Then Allah says,

مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ

(Of Jinn and An-Nas.) Is this explanatory of Allah's statement,

الَّذِى يُوَسْوِسُ فِى صُدُورِ النَّاسِ

(Who whispers in the breasts of An-Nas.) Then, Allah explains this by saying,

مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ

(Of Jinn and An-Nas.) This is supportive of the second view. It has also been said that Allah's saying,

مِنَ الْجِنَّةِ وَالنَّاسِ

(Of Jinn and An-Nas) is an explanation of who is it that whispers into the breasts of mankind from the devils of mankind and Jinns. This is similar to Allah's saying,

وَكَذَلِكَ جَعَلْنَا لِكُلِّ نِبِىٍّ عَدُوّاً شَيَـطِينَ الإِنْسِ وَالْجِنِّ يُوحِى بَعْضُهُمْ إِلَى بَعْضٍ زُخْرُفَ الْقَوْلِ غُرُوراً

o(And so We have appointed for every Prophet enemies -- Shayatin among mankind and Jinn, inspiring one another with adorned speech as a delusion.) (6:112) Imam Ahmad recorded that Ibn `Abbas said, "A man came to the Prophet and said, `O Messenger of Allah! Sometimes I say things to myself that I would rather fall from the sky than say (aloud openly). ' The Prophet said,

«اللهُ أَكْبَرُ، اللهُ أَكْبَرٌ الْحَمْدُ للهِ الَّذِي رَدَّ كَيْدَهُ إِلَى الْوَسْوَسَةِ»

(Allah is Most Great! Allah is Most Great! All praise is due to Allah Who sent his (Shaytan's) plot back as only a whisper.)" Abu Dawud and An-Nasa'i also recorded this Hadith.

the King of mankind

Introductory Remarks

This Surah, the second of the Mu'awwadhatain, constitutes an extension of its predecessor and is in a way complementary to it, in that in Surah Al-Falaq the believers were enjoined to seek refuge with Allah against the hardships and privations of life in this world, while in the current Surah protection is sought from the trials and tribulations of the Hereafter. It was explained in Surah Al-Falaq that the word sharr could stand for 'evil' or 'harm' or even 'that which causes harm, anguish or distress'. In the present Surah, we are to seek refuge from the evil that is the cause of all sins, namely, the whisperings and insinuations of Shaitan. As the anguish and distress of the Hereafter is most severe, the Qur'an appropriately emphasizes at the end to seek Allah's protection against these evil powers.

Verse [ 114:1] قُلْ أَعُوذُ بِرَ‌بِّ النَّاسِ Say, (I seek refuge with the Lord of mankind,) The attributive name of Allah rabb stands for 'one who nurtures', and implies that the Supreme Nurturer takes care of everything under all circumstances. In the present verse, He is referred to as 'the Lord of mankind', while in the previous Surah He was referred to as 'the Lord of the daybreak', because in the foregoing Surah the purpose was to seek protection against the outer bodily hardships and privations of life, and they are not confined to human beings. Animals also suffer bodily hardships and difficulties, unlike the Shaitanic instigations which are restricted to man, and the Jinn are subjoined to him. [ Mazhari from Baidawi ]