10:87 Yunus (Jonas)

{ وَأَوْحَيْنَا إِلَى مُوسَى وَأَخِيهِ } حين اشتد الأمر على قومهما، من فرعون وقومه، وحرصوا على فتنتهم عن دينهم. { أَنْ تَبَوَّآ لِقَوْمِكُمَا بِمِصْرَ بُيُوتًا } أي: مروهم أن يجعلوا لهم بيوتًا، يتمكنون ]به[ من الاستخفاء فيها. { وَاجْعَلُوا بُيُوتَكُمْ قِبْلَةً } أي: اجعلوها محلا، تصلون فيها، حيث عجزتم عن إقامة الصلاة في الكنائس، والبيع العامة. { وَأَقِيمُوا الصَّلَاةَ } فإنها معونة على جميع الأمور، { وَبَشِّرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ } بالنصر والتأييد، وإظهار دينهم، فإن مع العسر يسرًا، إن مع العسر يسرًا، وحين اشتد الكرب، وضاق الأمر، فرجه الله ووسعه.فلما رأى موسى، القسوة والإعراض من فرعون وملئه ، دعا عليهم وأمن هارون على دعائه.

يذكر تعالى سبب إنجائه بني إسرائيل من فرعون وقومه وكيفية خلاصهم منهم وذلك أن الله تعالى أمر موسى وأخاه هارون عليهما السلام أن يتبوءا أي يتخذا لقومها بمصر بيوتا واختلف المفسرون في معنى قوله تعالى "واجعلوا بيوتكم قبلة" فقال الثوري وغيره عن خصيف عن عكرمة عن ابن عباس "واجعلوا بيوتكم قبلة" قال أمروا أن يتخذوها مساجد وقال الثوري أيضا عن ابن منصور عن إبراهيم "واجعلوا بيوتكم قبلة" قال كانوا خائفين فأمروا أن يصلوا في بيوتهم وكذا قال مجاهد وأبو مالك والربيع بن أنس والضحاك وعبدالرحمن بن زيد بن أسلم وأبوه زيد بن أسلم وكأن هذا والله أعلم لما اشتد بهم البلاء من قبل فرعون وقومه وضيقوا عليهم أمروا بكثرة الصلاة كقوله تعالى "يا أيها الذين آمنوا استعينوا بالصبر والصلاة" وفي الحديث كان رسول الله صلي الله عليه وسلم إذا حزبه أمر صلى أخرجه أبو داود; ولهذا قال تعالى في هذه الآية "واجعلوا بيوتكم قبلة وأقيموا الصلاة وبشر المؤمنين" أي بالثواب والنصر القريب وقال العوفي عن ابن عباس في تفسير هذه الآية قال: قالت بنو إسرائيل لموسى عليه السلام لا نستطيع أن نظهر صلاتنا مع الفراعنة فأذن الله تعالى لهم أن يصلوا في بيوتهم وأمروا أن يجعلوا بيوتهم قبل القبلة وقال مجاهد "واجعلوا بيوتكم قبلة" لما خاف بنو إسرائيل من فرعون أن يقتلوا في الكنائس الجامعة أمروا أن يجعلوا بيوتهم مساجد مستقبلة الكعبة يصلون فيها سرا وكذا قال قتادة والضحاك وقال سعيد بن جبير "واجعلوا بيوتكم قبلة" أي يقابل بعضها بعضا.

They were commanded to pray inside Their Homes

Allah tells us why He saved the Children of Israel from Fir`awn and his people. He tells us how he saved them. Allah commanded Musa and his brother Harun to take houses for their people in Egypt,

وَاجْعَلُواْ بُيُوتَكُمْ قِبْلَةً

(and make your dwellings as places for your worship,) Al-`Awfi reported that Ibn `Abbas said, while interpreting this Ayah: "The Children of Israel said to Musa, `We cannot offer our prayers in public in front of Fir`awn's people.' So Allah permitted them to pray in their houses. They were commanded to build their houses in the direction of the Qiblah." Mujahid commented,

وَاجْعَلُواْ بُيُوتَكُمْ قِبْلَةً

(and make your dwellings as places for your worship,) When Banu Israel feared that Fir`awn might kill them in their gatherings at their temples, they were commanded to take their houses as places of worship. The houses should be facing the Qiblah and the prayer could be in secret." This was stated by Qatadah and Ad-Dahhak as well.

And We inspired Moses and his brother saying ‘Appoint houses for your people in Egypt and make your houses oratories places in which to perform prayers so that you might be secure from fear — for Pharaoh had prohibited them from performing prayers — and establish fulfil worship; and give good tidings to the believers’ of victory and Paradise.

Commentary

Mentioned in the verses appearing immediately above, there are some circumstantial details along with their corresponding injunctions as they relate to Sayyidna Musa and Sayyidna Harun (علیہما السلام) and the children of Isra'il and the people of the Pharaoh. The first verse (87) carries an injunction pertaining to a particular event. Banu Isra'il (the children of Isra'il) who observed the religious law of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) used to perform their prayers only in their synagogues as customary. Then, the past communities were also bound by this injunction. Their prayers were not valid if performed in their homes. The Muslim Ummah was the special recipient of the convenience that they could, if needed, perform their prayers everywhere as they wished. In a Hadith of Sahih Muslim, the Holy Prophet ﷺ has, out of his six singularities, given one as, ` the whole earth has been made a masjid for me.' It means that Salah performed anywhere remains valid. However, it is something else that the performing of obligatory prayers in congregation only in masjids has been declared as an emphasized Sunnah. Then, saying nafl prayers inside homes is better. This was the usual practice of the Holy Prophet i He would say only the Fard Salah in the Masjid then go home and say his sunnahs and nafls there. As for the Banu Isra'il, they were bound to offer their prayers only in their synagogues in obedience to their religious laws. Realizing this, the Pharaoh who used to oppress them in all sorts of ways had all synagogues demolished so that they could be deprived of offering their prayers in accordance with their religious laws. Thereupon, Allah Ta` ala sent to the two prophets of Banu Isra'il, Sayyidna Musa and Harun, may peace be on them both, the injunction mentioned in verse 87. It was said there that new houses should be built in Egypt for Bani Isra'il and that their orientation should be towards the Qiblah so that prayers could be offered in those very residential houses.

This tells us that the religious law of past communities demanded that prayers should be offered in houses of worship specifically built for this purpose. But it was because of a particular incident that the Bani Isra'il were temporarily allowed to offer their prayers at home and, for this purpose, they were to have houses oriented towards the Qiblah. And it can also be said that even at this time of emergency they were allowed to offer their prayers in particular houses that were oriented towards the Qiblah. Praying in common homes and public places was still not permitted even at that time. It was unlike the Muslim community that has the convenience of offering their prayers anywhere, be it a city or wilderness. (Ruh al-Ma'ani)

It will be good to answer another question at this point. In this verse, the Bani Isra'il have been commanded to orient themselves towards the Qiblah. Which Qiblah is this? The Ka'bah or the Baytu 'l-Maqdis? Sayyidna ` Abdullah ibn ` Abbas ؓ says, It means the Ka'bah and the Ka'bah alone was the Qiblah of Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) and his people.' (al-Qurtubi and Ruh al-Ma` ani)

In fact, some religious scholars say that the real Qiblah of all past prophets was no other but the Ka'bah.

As for the Hadith where it is said that the Jews turn their faces towards the Sakhrah (the Rock) of Baytu 'l-Maqdis during their prayers, it will be applied to the time when Sayyidna Musa left Egypt and headed towards Baytu 'l-Maqdis. This is not contrary to his Qiblah being the Baytullah during the period of his stay in Egypt.

It is also proved from this verse that the condition of facing to-wards the Qiblah was operative also during the period of past prophets. Similarly, it also stands proved from authentic reports that purity (taharah) and body cover (satr al-'aurah) were conditions of Salah even in the religious laws of all past prophets.

Since the very purpose of making houses Qiblah oriented was to pray in there, therefore, by giving the command: ` Establish Salah' (اَقِیمُوا الصَّلٰوۃَ ) after that, the instruction given was: If the Pharaoh stops you from making prayers in places reserved for worship, prayers do not stand dropped. Make these in your homes.

At the end of the verse, Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) has been asked to convey the good news to believers that their mission will be successful. They will overpower the enemy and they will go to Paradise in the Hereafter. (Ruh al-Ma` ani)

It will be noted that, at the beginning of the verse, Sayyidna Musa and Harun (علیہما السلام) may peace be upon them both, were addressed in the dual form because they both were charged with the responsibility of having houses made Qiblah oriented and allowing occupants to pray in there. After that, by using the plural form which included all Bani Isra'il, command was given to establish Salah - because, this law included all, the prophet and his community. At the end, the command to convey the good news was given particularly to Sayyidna Musa (علیہ السلام) - because, it was he, as the law-giving prophet, who had the right to give out the good news of Paradise.