10:6 Yunus (Jonas)

تفسير الآيتين 5 و6 :ـلما قرر ربوبيته وإلهيته، ذكر الأدلة العقلية الأفقية الدالة على ذلك وعلى كماله، في أسمائه وصفاته، من الشمس والقمر، والسماوات والأرض وجميع ما خلق فيهما من سائر أصناف المخلوقات، وأخبر أنها آيات ‏{‏لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ‏}‏ و ‏{‏لِقَوْمٍ يَتَّقُونَ‏}‏ فإن العلم يهدي إلى معرفة الدلالة فيها، وكيفية استنباط الدليل على أقرب وجه، والتقوى تحدث في القلب الرغبة في الخير، والرهبة من الشر، الناشئين عن الأدلة والبراهين، وعن العلم واليقين‏.‏ وحاصل ذلك أن مجرد خلق هذه المخلوقات بهذه الصفة، دال على كمال قدرة الله تعالى، وعلمه، وحياته، وقيوميته، وما فيها من الأحكام والإتقان والإبداع والحسن، دال على كمال حكمة الله، وحسن خلقه وسعة علمه‏.‏ وما فيها من أنواع المنافع والمصالح ـ كجعل الشمس ضياء، والقمر نورا، يحصل بهما من النفع الضروري وغيره ما يحصل ـ يدل ذلك على رحمة الله تعالى واعتنائه بعباده وسعة بره وإحسانه، وما فيها من التخصيصات دال على مشيئة الله وإرادته النافذة‏.‏ وذلك دال على أنه وحده المعبود والمحبوب المحمود، ذو الجلال والإكرام والأوصاف العظام، الذي لا تنبغي الرغبة والرهبة إلا إليه، ولا يصرف خالص الدعاء إلا له، لا لغيره من المخلوقات المربوبات، المفتقرات إلى الله في جميع شئونها‏.‏ وفي هذه الآيات الحث والترغيب على التفكر في مخلوقات الله، والنظر فيها بعين الاعتبار، فإن بذلك تنفتح البصيرة، ويزداد الإيمان والعقل، وتقوى القريحة، وفي إهمال ذلك، تهاون بما أمر الله به، وإغلاق لزيادة الإيمان، وجمود للذهن والقريحة‏.‏

"إن في اختلاف الليل والنهار" أي تعاقبهما إذا جاء هذا ذهب هذا وإذا ذهب هذا جاء هذا لا يتأخر عنه شيئا كقوله تعالى "يغشى الليل النهار يطلبه حثيثا" وقال "لا الشمس ينبغي لها أن تدرك القمر" الآية. وقال تعالى "فالق الإصباح وجعل الليل سكنا" الآية وقوله "وما خلق الله في السموات والأرض" أي من الآيات الدالة على عظمته تعالى كما قال "وكأين من آية في السموات والأرض" الآية وقوله "قل انظروا ماذا في السموات والأرض وما تغني الآيات والنذر عن قوم لا يؤمنون" وقال "أفلم يروا إلى ما بين أيديهم وما خلفهم من السماء والأرض" وقال "إن في خلق السموات والأرض واختلاف الليل والنهار لآيات لأولي الألباب" أي العقول: وقال ههنا "لآيات لقوم يتقون" أي عقاب الله وسخطه وعذابه.

Everything is a Witness to the Power of Allah

Allah tells us about the signs He created that are indicative of His complete power and great might. He made the rays that come forth from the bright sun as the source of light, and made the beams that come forth from the moon as light. He made them of two different natures so they would not be confused with one another. Allah made the dominion of the sun in the daytime and the moon in the night. He ordained phases for the moon, where it starts small then its light increases until it completes a full moon. Then it begins to decrease until it returns to its first phase at the conclusion of the month. Allah said:

وَالْقَمَرَ قَدَّرْنَـهُ مَنَازِلَ حَتَّى عَادَ كَالعُرجُونِ الْقَدِيمِ - لاَ الشَّمْسُ يَنبَغِى لَهَآ أَن تدْرِكَ القَمَرَ وَلاَ الَّيْلُ سَابِقُ النَّهَارِ وَكُلٌّ فِى فَلَكٍ يَسْبَحُونَ

(And the moon, We have measured for it mansions (to traverse) till it returns like the old dried curved date stalk. It is not for the sun to overtake the moon, nor does the night outstrip the day. They all float, each in an orbit.) (36:39-40) And He said:

وَالشَّمْسَ وَالْقَمَرَ حُسْبَاناً

(And the sun and the moon for counting) And in this Ayah He said:

وَقَدَّرَهُ

(and measured) that is the moon, Allah said:

مَنَازِلَ لِتَعْلَمُواْ عَدَدَ السِّنِينَ وَالْحِسَابَ

(And measured out for it stages that you might know the number of years and the reckoning. ") The days are revealed by the action of the sun, and the months and the years by the moon. Allah then stated

مَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ ذَلِكَ إِلاَّ بِالْحَقِّ

(Allah did not create this but in truth.) He didn't create that for amusement but with great wisdom and perfect reasoning. With a similar meaning, Allah said:

وَمَا خَلَقْنَا السَّمَآءَ وَالاٌّرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا بَـطِلاً ذَلِكَ ظَنُّ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ فَوَيْلٌ لِّلَّذِينَ كَفَرُواْ مِنَ النَّارِ

(And We created not the heaven and the earth and all that is between them without purpose! That is the consideration of those who disbelieve! Then woe to those who disbelieve from the Fire!) (38:27) He also said:

أَفَحَسِبْتُمْ أَنَّمَا خَلَقْنَـكُمْ عَبَثاً وَأَنَّكُمْ إِلَيْنَا لاَ تُرْجَعُونَ - فَتَعَـلَى اللَّهُ الْمَلِكُ الْحَقُّ لاَ إِلَـهَ إِلاَّ هُوَ رَبُّ الْعَرْشِ الْكَرِيمِ

("Did you think that We had created you in play (without any purpose), and that you would not be brought back to Us" So Exalted be Allah, the True King: None has the right to be worshipped but He, the Lord of the Supreme Throne!) 23:115-116 Allah said:

يُفَصِّلُ الآيَـتِ لِقَوْمٍ يَعْلَمُونَ

(He explains the Ayat in detail for people who have knowledge.) In other words, He explained the signs and proofs for people who know. Allah further stated:

إِنَّ فِى اخْتِلَـفِ الَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ

(Verily, in the alternation of the night and the day) The day and the night alternate, when one arrives, the other goes, and so on, with no errors. This is similar to the meaning indicated in the following Ayat:

يُغْشِى الَّيْلَ النَّهَارَ يَطْلُبُهُ حَثِيثًا

(He brings the night as a cover over the day, seeking it rapidly...).

لاَ الشَّمْسُ يَنبَغِى لَهَآ أَن تدْرِكَ القَمَرَ

(It is not for the sun to overtake the moon.) 36:40, and

فَالِقُ الإِصْبَاحِ وَجَعَلَ الَّيْلَ سَكَناً

((He is the) Cleaver of the daybreak. He has appointed the night for resting). 6:96 Allah continued:

وَمَا خَلَقَ اللَّهُ فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ

(and in all that Allah has created in the heavens and the earth) meaning the signs that indicate His greatness. This is similar to Allah's statements:

وَكَأَيِّن مِّن ءَايَةٍ فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ

(And how many a sign in the heavens and the earth...) 12:105,

قُلِ انظُرُواْ مَاذَا فِى السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَمَا تُغْنِى الآيَـتُ وَالنُّذُرُ عَن قَوْمٍ لاَّ يُؤْمِنُونَ

("Say: "Behold all that is in the heavens and the earth," but neither Ayat nor warners benefit those who believe not.)10:101

أَفَلَمْ يَرَوْاْ إِلَى مَا بَيْنَ أَيْدِيهِمْ وَمَا خَلْفَهُمْ مِّنَ السَّمَآءِ وَالاٌّرْضِ

(See they not what is before them and what is behind them, of the heaven and the earth.) 34:9.

إِنَّ فِى خَلْقِ السَّمَـوَتِ وَالاٌّرْضِ وَاخْتِلَـفِ الَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ لاّيَـتٍ لاٌّوْلِى الاٌّلْبَـبِ

(Verily, in the creation of the heavens and the earth, and in the alternation of night and day, there are indeed signs for men of understanding.) 3:190 means intelligent men. Allah said here,

لآيَـتٍ لِّقَوْمٍ يَتَّقُونَ

(Ayat for those who have Taqwa.) meaning fear Allah's punishment, wrath and torment.

Truly in the alternation of night and day in their coming and going increasing and diminishing and in what God has created in the heavens of angels sun moon stars and other things and in the earth of animals mountains seas rivers trees and other things there are signs indications of His power exalted be He for a people who fear Him and so believe He singles these out for mention because they are the ones to benefit from them such signs.

Similarly, it was said in the second verse (6) that there are signs in the coming of the night after the day and the day after the night, and in everything Allah has created in the heavens and the earth. These are open proofs (of the Oneness of Allah and the inevitability of the Hereafter) for those who fear Allah.

That they are proofs of the Oneness of Allah (Tauhid) is not difficult to see. He has the power to make things happen. He makes things as no one can. He creates everything without the help of materials, personnel and prototype, and has the mastery to operate them under a system that never breaks or must be replaced.

And they are proofs of the 'Akhirah (Hereafter) because Allah is a great creator. He created, in His infinite wisdom, objects of such pro-portion and efficiency for the benefit of human beings. Then, He made them follow a remarkably stable system. Now, it is not possible that He would have created human beings, who are the served ones in this universe, just for nothing, or just to eat and drink, or in some other nonchalant manner without assigning any duties to them. When it stands settled that some restrictions must apply to the served one of this universe, it also becomes necessary that those who observe or do not observe these restrictions should face an accounting of what they have done, sometime, somewhere. Naturally, those who do observe these shall be rewarded and those who do not shall be punished. Then, it is also obvious that things do not work like this in the present world of our experience. Here, reward and punishment do not follow that pattern. It is quite likely that a criminal here may be living better as compared to someone God-fearing, righteous and innocent. Therefore, it is necessary to have a day for the accounting of deeds, rewards and punishments. This is what Qiyamah (The Last Day) and 'Akhirah (Hereafter) are.